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Kronecker product

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 Title: Kronecker product Author: World Heritage Encyclopedia Language: English Subject: Collection: Matrix Theory Publisher: World Heritage Encyclopedia Publication Date:

Kronecker product

In mathematics, the Kronecker product, denoted by ⊗, is an operation on two matrices of arbitrary size resulting in a block matrix. It is a generalization of the outer product (which is denoted by the same symbol) from vectors to matrices, and gives the matrix of the tensor product with respect to a standard choice of basis. The Kronecker product should not be confused with the usual matrix multiplication, which is an entirely different operation.

The Kronecker product is named after

• Hazewinkel, Michiel, ed. (2001), "Tensor product",
• Kronecker product at PlanetMath.org.
• MathWorld Kronecker Product
• New Kronecker product problems
• Earliest Uses: The entry on The Kronecker, Zehfuss or Direct Product of matrices has historical information.
• Generic C++ and Fortran 90 codes for calculating Kronecker products of two matrices.