12th United States Congress

12th United States Congress


11th ←	→ 13th
United States Capitol (1800)
Duration: March 4, 1811 – March 4, 1813

Senate President:	George Clinton (until April 20, 1812) Vacant (from April 20, 1812)
Senate Pres. pro tem:	William H. Crawford
House Speaker:	Henry Clay
Members:	36 Senators 143 Representatives 4 Non-voting members
Senate Majority:	Democratic-Republican
House Majority:	Democratic-Republican

Sessions
1st: November 4, 1811 – July 6, 1812 2nd: November 2, 1812 – March 3, 1813

The Twelfth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1811, to March 4, 1813, during the third and fourth years of James Madison's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Second Census of the United States in 1800. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.

1 Major events
2 Major legislation
3 States admitted and territories organized
4 Party summary
- 4.1 Senate
- 4.2 House of Representatives
5 Leadership
- 5.1 Senate
- 5.2 House of Representatives
6 Members
- 6.1 Senate
- 6.2 House of Representatives
7 Changes in membership
- 7.1 Senate
- 7.2 House of Representatives
8 Employees
- 8.1 Senate
- 8.2 House of Representatives
9 References
10 External links

Major events

November 6, 1811: Battle of Tippecanoe: William Henry Harrison defeated Tecumseh's forces
December 16, 1811: New Madrid earthquake
April 4, 1812: President Madison enacted a 90-day embargo on trade with the United Kingdom
April 20, 1812: Vice President George Clinton died
June 18, 1812: War of 1812: United States declared war on Great Britain
August 16, 1812: War of 1812: Detroit surrendered to the British.
October 13, 1812: War of 1812: the Battle of Queenston Heights
November 5, 1812: Elections of 1812:

Major legislation

States admitted and territories organized

April 30, 1812: Louisiana was admitted as a state into the Union. It was formerly known as the Territory of Orleans
June 4, 1812: Territory of Orleans

Senate President
George Clinton

Senate President pro tempore
William H. Crawford

House Speaker
Henry Clay

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

During this congress, two new Senate seats were added for the new state of Louisiana.

House of Representatives

During this congress, one new House seat was added for the new state of Louisiana.

Leadership

Senate

DR)
President pro tempore: William H. Crawford (DR)

House of Representatives

Speaker: Henry Clay (DR)

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1814; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1816; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1812

Connecticut

3. Chauncey Goodrich (F)
1. Samuel W. Dana (F)

Delaware

2. James A. Bayard (F), until March 3, 1813
1. Outerbridge Horsey (F)

Georgia

2. William H. Crawford (DR)
3. Charles Tait (DR)

Kentucky

3. John Pope (DR)
2. George M. Bibb (DR)

Louisiana

3. Allan B. Magruder (DR), from September 3, 1812
2. Jean N. Destréhan (DR), September 3, 1812 – October 1, 1812
- Thomas Posey (DR), October 8, 1812 – February 4, 1813
- James Brown (DR), from February 5, 1813

Maryland

1. Samuel Smith (DR)
3. Philip Reed (DR)

Massachusetts

1. James Lloyd (F)
2. Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR), from June 29, 1811

Rhode Island

1. Christopher G. Champlin (F), until October 2, 1811
- William Hunter (F), from October 28, 1811
2. Jeremiah B. Howell (DR)

South Carolina

3. John Gaillard (DR)
2. John Taylor (DR)

Tennessee

1. Joseph Anderson (DR)
2. Jenkin Whiteside (DR), until October 8, 1811
- George W. Campbell (DR), from October 8, 1811

Vermont

3. Stephen R. Bradley (DR)
1. Jonathan Robinson (DR)

Virginia

2. William B. Giles (DR)
1. Richard Brent (DR)

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Connecticut

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

Delaware

At-large. Henry M. Ridgely (F)

Georgia

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

At-large. William W. Bibb (DR)
At-large. Howell Cobb (DR), until before October, 1812
- William Barnett (DR), from October 5, 1812
At-large. Bolling Hall (DR)
George Troup (DR)

Kentucky

Louisiana

At-large. Thomas B. Robertson (DR), from December 23, 1812

Maryland

The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.

1. Philip Stuart (F)
2. Joseph Kent (DR)
3. Philip B. Key (F)
4. Samuel Ringgold (DR)
5. Peter Little (DR)
5. Alexander McKim (DR)
6. John Montgomery (DR), until April 29, 1811
- Stevenson Archer (DR), from October 26, 1811
7. Robert Wright (DR)
8. Charles Goldsborough (F)

Massachusetts

1. Josiah Quincy (F)
2. William Reed (F)
3. Leonard White (F)
4. Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR), until June 29, 1811
- William M. Richardson (DR), from November 4, 1811
5. William Ely (F)
6. Samuel Taggart (F)
7. Charles Turner, Jr. (DR)
8. Isaiah L. Green (DR)
9. Laban Wheaton (F)
10. Elijah Brigham (F)
11. Abijah Bigelow (F)
12. Ezekiel Bacon (DR)
13. Ebenezer Seaver (DR)
14. Richard Cutts (DR)
15. William Widgery (DR)
16. Peleg Tallman (DR)
17. Barzillai Gannett (DR), until sometime in 1812 before April 6 ()
- Francis Carr (DR), from April 6, 1812

1. Ebenezer Sage (DR)
2. Samuel L. Mitchill (DR)
2. William Paulding, Jr. (DR)
3. Pierre Van Cortlandt, Jr. (DR)
4. James Emott (F)
5. Thomas B. Cooke (DR)
6. Asa Fitch (F)
6. Robert Le Roy Livingston (F) until May 6, 1812
- Thomas P. Grosvenor (F) from January 29, 1813
7. Harmanus Bleecker (F)
8. Benjamin Pond (DR)
9. Thomas Sammons (DR)
10. Silas Stow (DR)
11. Thomas R. Gold (F)
12. Arunah Metcalf (DR)
13. Uri Tracy (DR)
14. Daniel Avery (DR)
15. Peter B. Porter (DR)

North Carolina

1. Lemuel Sawyer (DR)
2. Willis Alston (DR)
3. Thomas Blount (DR), until February 7, 1812
- William Kennedy (DR), from January 30, 1813
4. William Blackledge (DR)
5. William R. King (DR)
6. Nathaniel Macon (DR)
7. Archibald McBryde (F)
8. Richard Stanford (DR)
9. James Cochran (DR)
10. Joseph Pearson (F)
11. Israel Pickens (DR)
12. Meshack Franklin (DR)

Ohio

At-large. Jeremiah Morrow (DR)

Pennsylvania

There were four plural districts, the 1st, 2nd, & 3rd had three representatives each, the 4th had two representatives.

1. William Anderson (DR)
1. James Milnor (F)
1. Adam Seybert (DR)
2. Robert Brown (DR)
2. Jonathan Roberts (DR)
2. William Rodman (DR)
3. Roger Davis (DR)
3. John M. Hyneman (DR)
3. Joseph Lefever (DR)
4. David Bard (DR)
4. Robert Whitehill (DR)
George Smith (DR)
6. William Crawford (DR)
7. William Piper (DR)
8. William Findley (DR)
9. John Smilie (DR), until December 30, 1812, vacant thereafter
10. Aaron Lyle (DR)
11. Abner Lacock (DR)

Rhode Island

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

At-large. Richard Jackson, Jr. (F)
At-large. Elisha R. Potter (F)

South Carolina

Tennessee

1. John Rhea (DR)
2. John Sevier (DR)
3. Felix Grundy (DR)

Vermont

Virginia

1. Thomas Wilson (F)
2. John Baker (F)
3. John Smith (DR)
4. William McCoy (DR)
5. James Breckinridge (F)
6. Daniel Sheffey (F)
7. Joseph Lewis, Jr. (F)
8. John P. Hungerford (DR), until November 29, 1811
- John Taliaferro (DR), from November 29, 1811
9. Aylett Hawes (DR)
10. John Dawson (DR)
11. John Roane (DR)
12. Burwell Bassett (DR)
13. William A. Burwell (DR)
14. Matthew Clay (DR)
15. John Randolph (DR)
16. James Pleasants (DR)
17. Thomas Gholson, Jr. (DR)
18. Peterson Goodwyn (DR)
19. Edwin Gray (DR)
20. Thomas Newton, Jr. (DR)
21. Hugh Nelson (DR)
22. John Clopton (DR)

Non-voting members

Illinois Territory. Shadrack Bond, from December 3, 1812
Indiana Territory. Jonathan Jennings
George Poindexter
Missouri Territory. Edward Hempstead, from November 9, 1812
Orleans Territory, vacant until April 29, 1812

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

replacements: 1
- Democratic-Republicans: no net change
- Federalists: no net change
deaths: 0
resignations: 4
interim appointments: 1
seats of newly admitted states: 2
vacancies:1
Total seats with changes: 6

State (class)	Vacator	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's formal installation
Massachusetts (2)	Vacant	Legislature elected late. Successor elected June 29, 1811, to finish the term ending March 4, 1817.	Joseph B. Varnum (DR)	June 29, 1811
Rhode Island (1)	Christopher G. Champlin (F)	Resigned October 2, 1811 Successor elected October 28, 1811, to finish the term ending March 4, 1815.	William Hunter (F)	October 28, 1811
Tennessee (2)	Jenkin Whiteside (DR)	Resigned October 8, 1811. Successor elected October 8, 1811, to finish the term ending March 4, 1817.	George W. Campbell (DR)	October 8, 1811
Louisiana (3)	New seat	Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812. Inaugural Senator elected September 3, 1812, for the term ending March 4, 1813.	Allan B. Magruder (DR)	September 3, 1812
Louisiana (2)	New seat	Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812. Inaugural Senator elected September 3, 1812, for the term ending March 4, 1817.	Jean Noel Destréhan (DR)	September 3, 1812
	Jean N. Destréhan (DR)	Resigned October 1, 1812, without having qualified. Successor appointed October 8, 1812, to continue the term ending March 4, 1817.	Thomas Posey (DR)	October 8, 1812
	Thomas Posey (DR)	Appointee lost election to finish the term. Successor elected February 4, 1813, to finish the term ending March 4, 1817.	James Brown (DR)	February 5, 1813

House of Representatives

replacements: 3
- Democratic-Republicans: no net change
- Federalists: no net change
deaths: 2
resignations: 5
contested election: 1
seats of newly admitted states: 1
vacancies: 1
Total seats with changes: 10

District	Vacator	Reason for change	Successor	Date successor seated
Maryland 6th	John Montgomery (DR)	Resigned April 29, 1811, to become Attorney General of Maryland	Stevenson Archer (DR)	Seated October 26, 1811
Massachusetts 4th	Joseph B. Varnum (DR)	Resigned June 29, 1811, to become U.S. Senator	William M. Richardson (DR)	Seated November 4, 1811
Virginia 8th	John Hungerford (DR)	Lost contested election November 29, 1811	John Taliaferro (DR)	Seated November 29, 1811
Massachusetts 17th	Barzillai Gannett (DR)	Resigned sometime in 1812 before April 6 ()	Francis Carr (DR)	Seated April 6, 1812
North Carolina 3rd	Thomas Blount (DR)	Died February 7, 1812	William Kennedy (DR)	Seated January 30, 1813
Orleans Territory	Julien de Lallande Poydras had resigned in the previous Congress, and the seat remained vacant until the territory became the state of Louisiana on April 30, 1812		Thomas B. Robertson (DR)	Seated April 30, 1812
Louisiana At-large			Thomas B. Robertson (DR)	Seated April 30, 1812
New York 6th	Robert Le Roy Livingston (F)	Resigned May 6, 1812	Thomas P. Grosvenor (F)	Seated January 29, 1813
Georgia At-large	Howell Cobb (DR)	Resigned sometime before October 1812 ()	William Barnett (DR)	Seated October 5, 1812
Missouri Territory	Territory delegate seat established		Edward Hempstead	Seated November 9, 1812
Illinois Territory	Territory delegate seat established		Shadrach Bond	Seated December 3, 1812
Pennsylvania 9th	John Smilie (DR)	Died December 30, 1812	Vacant	Not filled until next Congress