53rd United States Congress

53rd United States Congress


52nd ←	→ 54th
United States Capitol (1906)
Duration: March 4, 1893 – March 4, 1895

Senate President:	Adlai E. Stevenson
Senate Pres. pro tem:	Charles F. Manderson Isham G. Harris (twice) Matt W. Ransom
House Speaker:	Charles F. Crisp
Members:	88 Senators 356 Representatives 4 Non-voting members
Senate Majority:	Democratic
House Majority:	Democratic

Sessions
1st: August 7, 1893 – November 3, 1893 2nd: December 4, 1893 – August 28, 1894 3rd: December 3, 1894 – March 3, 1895

The Fifty-third United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1893 to March 4, 1895, during the fifth and sixth years of Grover Cleveland's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Eleventh Census of the United States in 1890. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.

Party summary 1
- Senate 1.1
- House of Representatives 1.2
Leadership 2
- Senate 2.1
- House of Representatives 2.2
Major events 3
Major legislation 4
Members 5
- Senate 5.1
  - Alabama 5.1.1
  - Arkansas 5.1.2
  - California 5.1.3
  - Colorado 5.1.4
  - Connecticut 5.1.5
  - Delaware 5.1.6
  - Florida 5.1.7
  - Georgia 5.1.8
  - Idaho 5.1.9
  - Illinois 5.1.10
  - Indiana 5.1.11
  - Iowa 5.1.12
  - Kansas 5.1.13
  - Kentucky 5.1.14
  - Louisiana 5.1.15
  - Maine 5.1.16
  - Maryland 5.1.17
  - Massachusetts 5.1.18
  - Michigan 5.1.19
  - Minnesota 5.1.20
  - Mississippi 5.1.21
  - Missouri 5.1.22
  - Montana 5.1.23
  - Nebraska 5.1.24
  - Nevada 5.1.25
  - New Hampshire 5.1.26
  - New Jersey 5.1.27
  - New York 5.1.28
  - North Carolina 5.1.29
  - North Dakota 5.1.30
  - Ohio 5.1.31
  - Oregon 5.1.32
  - Pennsylvania 5.1.33
  - Rhode Island 5.1.34
  - South Carolina 5.1.35
  - South Dakota 5.1.36
  - Tennessee 5.1.37
  - Texas 5.1.38
  - Vermont 5.1.39
  - Virginia 5.1.40
  - Washington 5.1.41
  - West Virginia 5.1.42
  - Wisconsin 5.1.43
  - Wyoming 5.1.44
- House of Representatives 5.2
  - Alabama 5.2.1
  - Arkansas 5.2.2
  - California 5.2.3
  - Colorado 5.2.4
  - Connecticut 5.2.5
  - Delaware 5.2.6
  - Florida 5.2.7
  - Georgia 5.2.8
  - Idaho 5.2.9
  - Illinois 5.2.10
  - Indiana 5.2.11
  - Iowa 5.2.12
  - Kansas 5.2.13
  - Kentucky 5.2.14
  - Louisiana 5.2.15
  - Maine 5.2.16
  - Maryland 5.2.17
  - Massachusetts 5.2.18
  - Michigan 5.2.19
  - Minnesota 5.2.20
  - Mississippi 5.2.21
  - Missouri 5.2.22
  - Montana 5.2.23
  - Nebraska 5.2.24
  - Nevada 5.2.25
  - New Hampshire 5.2.26
  - New Jersey 5.2.27
  - New York 5.2.28
  - North Carolina 5.2.29
  - North Dakota 5.2.30
  - Ohio 5.2.31
  - Oregon 5.2.32
  - Pennsylvania 5.2.33
  - Rhode Island 5.2.34
  - South Carolina 5.2.35
  - South Dakota 5.2.36
  - Tennessee 5.2.37
  - Texas 5.2.38
  - Vermont 5.2.39
  - Virginia 5.2.40
  - Washington 5.2.41
  - West Virginia 5.2.42
  - Wisconsin 5.2.43
  - Wyoming 5.2.44
  - Delegates 5.2.45
Changes in membership 6
- Senate 6.1
- House of Representatives 6.2
Employees 7
- Senate 7.1
  - House of Representatives 7.1.1
References 8
External links 9

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

Democratic: 44 (majority)
Republican: 37
Populist: 3
Silver: 1
Vacant, due to failure to elect. Later filled by Republicans: 3

TOTAL members: 88

House of Representatives

Democratic: 211 (majority)
Republican: 133
Populist: 11
Independent Democratic: 1

TOTAL members: 356

Leadership

Senate President
Adlai Stevenson

Senate

President: Adlai Stevenson (D)
President pro tempore: Charles F. Manderson (D)
- Isham G. Harris (D), elected March 22, 1893
- Matt Whitaker Ransom (D), elected January 7, 1895
- Isham G. Harris (D), elected January 10, 1895

House of Representatives

House Speaker
Charles F. Crisp

Speaker: Charles F. Crisp (D)

Major events

March 4, 1893 Grover Cleveland became President of the United States for a second time.
May 5, 1893: Panic of 1893: A crash on the New York Stock Exchange started a depression.
November 7, 1893: Colorado women were granted the right to vote
May 1, 1894: Coxey's Army, the first significant American protest march, arrived in Washington, D.C.

Major legislation

"Gorman's Triumph— A Humiliating Spectacle", cartoon by W. A. Rogers depicting President Cleveland's humiliation by the Sugar Trust.

August 27, 1894: Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act
February 18, 1895: Maguire Act of 1895

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1898; Class 2 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1894; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1896.

Alabama

2. John T. Morgan (D)
3. James L. Pugh (D)

Arkansas

3. James K. Jones (D)
2. James H. Berry (D)

California

3. Leland Stanford (R), until June 21, 1893
- George C. Perkins (R), from July 26, 1893
1. Stephen M. White (D)

Colorado

3. Henry M. Teller (R)
2. Edward O. Wolcott (R)

Connecticut

3. Orville H. Platt (R)
1. Joseph R. Hawley (R)

Delaware

1. George Gray (D)
2. Anthony Higgins (R)

Florida

3. Wilkinson Call (D)
1. Samuel Pasco (D)

Georgia

2. Alfred H. Colquitt (D), until March 26, 1894
- Patrick Walsh (D), from April 2, 1894
3. John B. Gordon (D)

Idaho

2. George L. Shoup (R)
3. Fred T. Dubois (R)

Louisiana

3. Edward D. White (D), until March 12, 1894
- Newton C. Blanchard (D), from March 12, 1894
2. Donelson Caffery (D)

Maine

1. Eugene Hale (R)
2. William P. Frye (R)

Maryland

1. Arthur Pue Gorman (D)
3. Charles H. Gibson (D)

Massachusetts

2. George F. Hoar (R)
1. Henry Cabot Lodge (R)

Michigan

1. Francis B. Stockbridge (R), until April 30, 1894
- John Patton, Jr. (R), from May 5, 1894 until January 14, 1895
- Julius C. Burrows (R), from January 24, 1895
2. James McMillan (R)

Minnesota

1. Cushman K. Davis (R)
2. William D. Washburn (R)

Mississippi

1. James Z. George (D)
2. Edward C. Walthall (D), until January 24, 1894
- Anselm J. McLaurin (D), from February 7, 1894

Missouri

1. Francis M. Cockrell (D)
3. George G. Vest (D)

Montana

2. Thomas C. Power (R)
1. Lee Mantle (R), from January 16, 1895

Nebraska

2. Charles F. Manderson (R)
1. William V. Allen (P)

Nevada

3. John P. Jones (R)
1. William M. Stewart (S)

New Hampshire

2. William E. Chandler (R)
3. Jacob H. Gallinger (R)

New Jersey

2. John R. McPherson (D)
1. James Smith, Jr. (D)

New York

3. David B. Hill (D)
1. Edward Murphy, Jr. (D)

North Carolina

2. Matt W. Ransom (D)
3. Zebulon B. Vance (D), until April 14, 1894
- Thomas J. Jarvis (D), from April 19, 1894 until January 23, 1895
- Jeter C. Pritchard (R), from January 23, 1895

North Dakota

3. Henry C. Hansbrough (R)
1. William N. Roach (D)

Ohio

1. John Sherman (R)
3. Calvin S. Brice (D)

Oregon

2. Joseph N. Dolph (R)
3. John H. Mitchell (R)

Pennsylvania

3. J. Donald Cameron (R)
1. Matthew S. Quay (R)

Rhode Island

1. Nelson W. Aldrich (R)
2. Nathan F. Dixon, III (R)

South Carolina

2. Matthew C. Butler (D)
3. John L. M. Irby (D)

South Dakota

2. Richard F. Pettigrew (R)
3. James H. Kyle (P)

Tennessee

2. Isham G. Harris (D)
1. William B. Bate (D)

Texas

2. Richard Coke (D)
1. Roger Q. Mills (D)

Vermont

3. Justin S. Morrill (R)
1. Redfield Proctor (R)

Virginia

1. John W. Daniel (D)
2. Eppa Hunton, II (D)

Washington

3. Watson C. Squire (R)
1. John L. Wilson (R), from February 19, 1895

West Virginia

1. Charles J. Faulkner (D)
2. Johnson N. Camden (D)

Wisconsin

3. William F. Vilas (D)
1. John L. Mitchell (D)

Wyoming

2. Joseph M. Carey (R)
1. Clarence D. Clark (R), from January 23, 1895

Senate President pro tempore
Charles F. Manderson

Senate President pro tempore
Isham G. Harris

Senate President pro tempore
Matt W. Ransom

House of Representatives

Alabama

1. Richard H. Clarke (D)
2. Jesse F. Stallings (D)
3. William C. Oates (D), until November 5, 1894
- George P. Harrison (D), from November 6, 1894
4. Gaston A. Robbins (D)
5. James E. Cobb (D)
6. John H. Bankhead (D)
7. William H. Denson (D)
8. Joseph Wheeler (D)
9. Louis W. Turpin (D)

Arkansas

1. Philip D. McCulloch, Jr. (D)
2. Clifton R. Breckinridge (D), until August 14, 1894
- John S. Little (D), from December 3, 1894
3. Thomas C. McRae (D)
4. William L. Terry (D)
5. Hugh A. Dinsmore (D)
6. Robert Neill (D)

California

1. Thomas J. Geary (D)
2. Anthony Caminetti (D)
3. Samuel G. Hilborn (R), until April 4, 1894
- Warren B. English (D), from April 4, 1894
4. James G. Maguire (D)
5. Eugene F. Loud (R)
6. Marion Cannon (P)
7. William W. Bowers (R)

Colorado

1. Lafayette (Lafe) Pence (P)
2. John C. Bell (P)

Connecticut

Delaware

At-large. John W. Causey (D)

Florida

1. Stephen R. Mallory (D)
2. Charles M. Cooper (D)

Georgia

Idaho

At-large. Willis Sweet (R)

Illinois

1. J. Frank Aldrich (R)
2. Lawrence E. McGann (D)
3. Allan C. Durborow, Jr. (D)
4. Julius Goldzier (D)
5. Albert J. Hopkins (R)
6. Robert R. Hitt (R)
7. Thomas J. Henderson (R)
8. Robert A. Childs (R)
9. Hamilton K. Wheeler (R)
10. Philip S. Post (R), until January 6, 1895
11. Benjamin F. Marsh (R)
12. John J. McDannold (D)
13. William M. Springer (D)
14. Benjamin F. Funk (R)
15. Joseph G. Cannon (R)
George W. Fithian (D)
17. Edward Lane (D)
18. William S. Forman (D)
19. James R. Williams (D)
George Washington Smith (R)
At-large. John C. Black (D), until January 12, 1895
At-large. Andrew J. Hunter (D)

1. Case Broderick (R)
2. Edward H. Funston (R), until August 2, 1894
- Horace L. Moore (D), from August 2, 1894
3. Thomas J. Hudson (P)
4. Charles Curtis (R)
5. John Davis (P)
6. William Baker (P)
7. Jeremiah Simpson (P)
At-large. William A. Harris (P)

Kentucky

1. William J. Stone (D)
2. William T. Ellis (D)
3. Isaac H. Goodnight (D)
4. Alexander B. Montgomery (D)
5. Asher G. Caruth (D)
6. Albert S. Berry (D)
7. William C. P. Breckinridge (D)
8. James B. McCreary (D)
9. Thomas H. Paynter (D), until January 5, 1895
10. Marcus C. Lisle (D), until July 7, 1894
- William M. Beckner (D), from December 3, 1894
11. Silas Adams (R)

Louisiana

1. Adolph Meyer (D)
2. Robert C. Davey (D)
3. Andrew Price (D)
4. Newton C. Blanchard (D), until March 12, 1894
- Henry W. Ogden (D), from May 12, 1894
5. Charles J. Boatner (D)
6. Samuel M. Robertson (D)

Maine

Maryland

1. Robert F. Bratton (D), until May 10, 1894
- W. Laird Henry (D), from November 6, 1894
2. J. Frederick C. Talbott (D)
3. Henry W. Rusk (D)
4. Isidor Rayner (D)
5. Barnes Compton (D), until May 15, 1894
- Charles E. Coffin (R), from November 6, 1894
6. William M. McKaig (D)

Massachusetts

1. Ashley B. Wright (R)
2. Frederick H. Gillett (R)
3. Joseph H. Walker (R)
4. Lewis D. Apsley (R)
5. Moses T. Stevens (D)
6. William Cogswell (R)
7. William Everett (D), from April 25, 1893
8. Samuel W. McCall (R)
9. Joseph H. O'Neil (D)
10. Michael J. McEttrick (ID)
11. William F. Draper (R)
12. Elijah A. Morse (R)
13. Charles S. Randall (R)

Michigan

1. J. Logan Chipman (D), until August 17, 1893
- Levi T. Griffin (D), from December 4, 1893
2. James S. Gorman (D)
3. Julius C. Burrows (R), until January 23, 1895
4. Henry F. Thomas (R)
George F. Richardson (D)
6. David D. Aitken (R)
7. Justin R. Whiting (D)
8. William S. Linton (R)
9. John W. Moon (R)
10. Thomas A. E. Weadock (D)
11. John Avery (R)
12. Samuel M. Stephenson (R)

1. William H. Hatch (D)
2. Uriel S. Hall (D)
3. Alexander M. Dockery (D)
4. Daniel D. Burnes (D)
5. John C. Tarsney (D)
6. David A. De Armond (D)
7. John T. Heard (D)
8. Richard P. Bland (D)
9. James Beauchamp Clark (D)
10. Richard Bartholdt (R)
11. Charles F. Joy (R), until April 3, 1894
- John J. O'Neill (D), from April 3, 1894
12. Seth W. Cobb (D)
13. Robert W. Fyan (D)
14. Marshall Arnold (D)
Charles H. Morgan (D)

Montana

At-large. Charles S. Hartman (R)

Nebraska

1. William J. Bryan (D)
2. David H. Mercer (R)
George D. Meiklejohn (R)
4. Eugene J. Hainer (R)
5. William A. McKeighan (P)
6. Omer M. Kem (P)

Nevada

At-large. Francis G. Newlands (D)

New Hampshire

1. Henry W. Blair (R)
2. Henry M. Baker (R)

New Jersey

New York

1. James W. Covert (D)
2. John M. Clancy (D)
3. Joseph C. Hendrix (D)
4. William J. Coombs (D)
5. John H. Graham (D)
6. Thomas F. Magner (D)
7. Franklin Bartlett (D)
8. Edward J. Dunphy (D)
9. Timothy J. Campbell (D)
10. Daniel E. Sickles (D)
11. Amos J. Cummings (D)
12. W. Bourke Cockran (D)
13. J. De Witt Warner (D)
14. John R. Fellows (D), until December 31, 1893
- Lemuel E. Quigg (R), from January 30, 1894
15. Ashbel P. Fitch (D), until December 26, 1893
- Isidor Straus (D), from January 30, 1894
16. William Ryan (D)
17. Francis Marvin (R)
18. Jacob LeFever (R)
19. Charles D. Haines (D)
20. Charles Tracey (D)
21. Simon J. Schermerhorn (D)
22. Newton M. Curtis (R)
23. John M. Wever (R)
24. Charles A. Chickering (R)
25. James S. Sherman (R)
George W. Ray (R)
27. James J. Belden (R)
28. Sereno E. Payne (R)
29. Charles W. Gillet (R)
30. James W. Wadsworth (R)
31. John Van Voorhis (R)
32. Daniel N. Lockwood (D)
33. Charles Daniels (R)
34. Warren B. Hooker (R)

North Carolina

North Dakota

At-large. Martin N. Johnson (R)

Ohio

1. Bellamy Storer (R)
2. John A. Caldwell (R), until May 4, 1894
- Jacob H. Bromwell (R), from December 3, 1894
George W. Houk (D), until February 9, 1894
- Paul J. Sorg (D), from May 21, 1894
4. Fernando C. Layton (D)
5. Dennis D. Donovan (D)
George W. Hulick (R)
George W. Wilson (R)
8. Luther M. Strong (R)
9. Byron F. Ritchie (D)
10. William H. Enochs (R), until July 13, 1893
- Hezekiah S. Bundy (R), from December 4, 1893
11. Charles H. Grosvenor (R)
12. Joseph H. Outhwaite (D)
13. Darius D. Hare (D)
14. Michael D. Harter (D)
15. Henry C. Van Voorhis (R)
16. Albert J. Pearson (D)
17. James A. D. Richards (D)
George P. Ikirt (D)
19. Stephen A. Northway (R)
20. William J. White (R)
21. Tom L. Johnson (D)

Oregon

1. Binger Hermann (R)
2. William R. Ellis (R)

Pennsylvania

1. Henry H. Bingham (R)
2. Charles O'Neill (R), until November 25, 1893
- Robert Adams, Jr. (R), from December 19, 1893
3. William McAleer (D)
4. John E. Reyburn (R)
5. Alfred C. Harmer (R)
6. John B. Robinson (R)
7. Irving P. Wanger (R)
8. William Mutchler (D), until June 23, 1893
- Howard Mutchler (D), from August 7, 1893
9. Constantine J. Erdman (D)
10. Marriott Brosius (R)
11. Joseph A. Scranton (R)
12. William H. Hines (D)
13. James B. Reilly (D)
14. Ephraim M. Woomer (R)
15. Myron B. Wright (R), until November 13, 1894
- Edwin J. Jorden (R), from February 23, 1895
16. Albert C. Hopkins (R)
17. Simon P. Wolverton (D)
18. Thaddeus M. Mahon (R)
19. Frank E. Beltzhoover (D)
20. Josiah D. Hicks (R)
21. Daniel B. Heiner (R)
22. John Dalzell (R)
23. William A. Stone (R)
24. William A. Sipe (D)
25. Thomas W. Phillips (R)
26. Joseph C. Sibley (D)
27. Charles W. Stone (R)
George F. Kribbs (D)
At-large. Alexander McDowell (R)
At-large. William Lilly (R), until December 1, 1893
- Galusha A. Grow (R), from February 26, 1894

Rhode Island

1. Oscar Lapham (D)
2. Charles H. Page (D), from April 5, 1893

South Carolina

1. William H. Brawley (D), until February 12, 1894
- James F. Izlar (D), from April 12, 1894
2. William J. Talbert (D)
3. Asbury C. Latimer (D)
George W. Shell (D)
5. Thomas J. Strait (D)
6. John L. McLaurin (D)
George W. Murray (R)

South Dakota

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

At-large. William V. Lucas (R)
At-large. John A. Pickler (R)

1. H. Henry Powers (R)
2. William W. Grout (R)

Virginia

1. William A. Jones (D)
2. D. Gardiner Tyler (D)
George D. Wise (D)
4. James F. Epes (D)
5. Claude A. Swanson (D)
6. Paul C. Edmunds (D)
7. Charles T. O'Ferrall (D), until December 28, 1893
- Smith S. Turner (D), from January 30, 1894
8. Elisha E. Meredith (D)
9. James W. Marshall (D)
Henry St. George Tucker III (D)

Washington

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

At-large. William H. Doolittle (R)
At-large. John L. Wilson (R)

West Virginia

Wisconsin

1. Henry Allen Cooper (R)
2. Charles Barwig (D)
3. Joseph W. Babcock (R)
4. Peter J. Somers (D), from August 27, 1893
George H. Brickner (D)
6. Owen A. Wells (D)
George B. Shaw (R), until August 27, 1894
- Michael Griffin (R), from November 5, 1894
8. Lyman E. Barnes (D)
9. Thomas Lynch (D)
10. Nils P. Haugen (R)

Wyoming

At-large. Henry A. Coffeen (D)

Delegates

Arizona Territory. Marcus A. Smith (D)
New Mexico Territory. Antonio Joseph (D)
Oklahoma Territory. Dennis T. Flynn (R)
Utah Territory. Joseph L. Rawlins (D)

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

replacements: 6
- Democratic: no net change
- Republican: no net change
- Liberal Republican: 1 seat net loss
deaths: 4
resignations: 8
interim appointments: 2
Total seats with changes: 12

House of Representatives

replacements: 21
- Democratic: 1 seat net loss
- Republican: 1 seat net gain
deaths: 11
resignations: 17
contested election: 3
Total seats with changes: 31

Employees

Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark

Senate

Chaplain of the Senate: William H. Millburn (Methodist)
Secretary of the Senate: Anson G. McCook
- William R. Cox, elected April 6, 1893
Sergeant at Arms of the Senate: Edward K. Valentine
- Richard J. Bright, elected August 8, 1893

House of Representatives

Chaplain of the House
- Samuel W. Haddaway (Methodist)
- Edward B. Bagby (Christian), elected December 4, 1893
Clerk of the House: James Kerr
Doorkeeper of the House: Alvin B. Hurt
Postmaster of the House: Lycurgus Dalton
Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: Charles R. Crisp
Sergeant at Arms of the House: Herman W. Snow

References

Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.