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The alveolar trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents dental, alveolar, and postalveolar trills is ⟨r⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is r. It is commonly called the rolled R, rolling R, or trilled R. Quite often, ⟨r⟩ is used in phonemic transcriptions (especially those found in dictionaries) of languages like English and German that have rhotic consonants that are not an alveolar trill. This is partly due to ease of typesetting and partly because ⟨r⟩ is the letter used in the orthographies of these languages.
In the majority of Indo-European languages, this sound is at least occasionally allophonic with an alveolar tap [ɾ], particularly in unstressed positions. Exceptions to this include Albanian, Spanish, Cypriot Greek, and a number of Armenian and Portuguese dialects, which treat them as distinct phonemes.
People with ankyloglossia may find it exceptionally difficult to articulate this consonant due to the limited mobility of their tongues.[1][2]
r
Most commonly, the alveolar trill is voiced.
Features of the alveolar trill:
r_r
In Czech there are two contrasting alveolar trills. Besides the typical apical trill, written r, there is another, laminal trill, written ř, in words such as rybáři [ˈrɪbaːr̝ɪ] 'fishermen' and the common surname Dvořák. Its manner of articulation is similar to [r], though more laminal and the body of the tongue is raised. It is thus partially fricative, with the frication sounding rather like [ʒ] though not so retracted. In the IPA it is typically written as ⟨r⟩ plus the raising diacritic, ⟨r̝⟩, though it has also been written as laminal ⟨r̻⟩.[29] Non-native speakers may pronounce it as [rʐ] or [rʒ]. (Before the 1989 IPA Kiel Convention, it had a dedicated symbol ⟨ɼ⟩). The Kobon language of Papua New Guinea also has a fricative trill, although the degree of frication is variable.
Features of the voiced alveolar fricative trill:
Manner of articulation, Labial consonant, Palatal consonant, Epiglottal consonant, Phonation
French language, Colombia, Mexico, Nicaragua, Catalan language