Chapacuran languages

Chapacuran
Chapacura–Wanham
Linguistic classification:	Wamo–Chapakúra Chapacuran
Subdivisions:	Madeira Guapore
Glottolog:	`chap1271`^[1]

The Chapacuran languages are a nearly extinct Native American language family of South America. There are three living Chapacuran languages, which are spoken in the southeastern Amazon Basin of Brazil and Bolivia.

The Chapacuran languages appear to be related to the extinct Wamo language.

Languages

Birchall et al. (2013) classify the dozen known Chapacuran languages as follows:^[2]

Chapacuran
- Kitemoka–Tapakura: Chapacura, Kitemoka (Quitemo)
- Moreic–Waric
  - Moreic–Tor
    - Nuclear More: Itene (moribund), Kuyubi (Kujubim; = Cumana?)
    - Torá, Brazil; probably extinct
  - Waric
    - Urupa–Yaru: Urupa, Yaru, both extinct
    - Wanham–Wari–Oro Win
      - Wanyam (Wanham, Uanham)
      - Wari–Oro Win: Oro Win, Brazil; nearly extinct, Wari’ (Pakaásnovos), Brazil
- ?Napeca (Nape)
- ?Rocorona (Ocorono)

All languages are extremely close.

Extinct languages for which Loukotka says 'nothing' is known, but which may have been Chapacuran, include Cujuna, Mataua, Urunumaca, and Herisobocono. Similarities with Mure appear to be loans.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Chapacuran".
^ Birchall, Joshua and Dunn, Michael and Greenhill, Simon (2013) An internal classification of the Chapacuran language family.

List of primary language families

Africa

Isolates	Bangime Hadza Jalaa Sandawe ?Laal

Europe and Asia

Isolates	Basque Burushaski Elamite Hattic Kusunda Nihali Nivkh Sumerian Hruso? Miju? Puroik?

Sign languages	British French German Japanese Swedish Chinese Indo-Pakistani Arab Chiangmai–Bangkok Other sign languages

New Guinea
and the Pacific

Isolates	Abinomn Busa Kaure Kol Kuot Porome Pyu Taiap Yalë Abun? Amberbaken? Dem? Hattam? Isirawa? Lepki? Kapori? Kosare? Massep? Murkim? Pawaia? Sulka? Waia?

Australia

Isolates	Giimbiyu Malak-Malak Marrgu Tiwi Wagiman

North America

Isolates	Chimariko Haida Karuk Kutenai Siuslaw Takelma Timucua Waikuri Washo Yana Yuchi Zuni

Mesoamerica

Isolates	Cuitlatec Huave Seri Tarascan/Purépecha

South America

Isolates (extant in 2000)	Aikanã? Andoque? Camsá Candoshi Chimane Chiquitano Cofán? Fulniô Guató Hodï/Joti Irantxe? Itonama Karajá Kawésqar Krenak Leco Maku of Roraima Movima Mura-Pirahã Nukak? Ofayé Puinave Rikbaktsa Huaorani Trumai Urarina Warao Yamana Yuracaré

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Chapacuran languages