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The feminist art movement refers to the efforts and accomplishments of second wave of feminism. It has been called "the most influential international movement of any during the postwar period."[1]
The 1960s was period of civil rights and gay and lesbian rights movements and protests against war. It was also a period when women artists wanted to gain equal rights as men within the established art world, influenced by modernist movements "utopian ideals," and to create feminist art, often in non-traditional ways, to help "change the world."[2]
Louise Bourgeois (1911-2010) and German-American Eva Hesse (1936-1970) explore some of the themes in feminist art, like domestic life, personal experience and the women's body.[2]
On 20 July 1964 Yoko Ono, avant-garde artist and widow of John Lennon, presented Cut Piece at the Yamaichi Concert Hall, Kyoto, Japan where she sat still as parts of her clothing were cut off of her, which meant to protest violence against women. She performed it again at Carnegie Hall in 1965.[3][5]
Women artists, motivated by feminist theory and the feminist movement, began the feminist art movement in the 1970s. Feminist art represents a shift away from modernism, when art made by women was put in an "other" or different class than works made by men, as Griselda Pollock and Roszika Parker put it - a separation of Art with a capital "A" from art made by women which produced a "feminine stereotype".[6] There are also feminist forms of postmodernism which emerged in the 1980s. The feminist art movement grew out of the struggle to find a way to express sexual, material, social and political aspects of life - and to femininity - in a new way.[7] Feminist art movements emerged in the United States; Europe,[8] including Spain;[9] Australia; Canada;[10] and Latin America in the 1970s.[11][12]
Since then, there are women's art movements in Sweden, Denmark and Norway, Russia, and Japan.[13][14] Women artists from Asia, Africa and particularly Eastern Europe emerged in large numbers onto the international art scene in the late 1980s and 1990s as contemporary art became popular world-wide.[15][16][17]
Major exhibitions of contemporary women artists include WACK! Art and the Feminist Revolution curated by Connie Butler, SF MOMA, 2007, Global Feminisms curated by Linda Nochlin and Maura Reilly at the Brooklyn Museum, 2007,[18] Rebelle, curated by Mirjam Westen at MMKA, Arnheim, 2009, Kiss Kiss Bang Bang! 45 Years of Art and Feminism curated by Xavier Arakistan at Bilbao Fine Arts Museum, 2007,[19] Elles at Centre Pompidou in Paris (2009-2011), which also toured to Seattle Art Museum.[20] have been increasingly international in their selection. This shift is also reflected in journals set up in the 1990s like n.paradoxa.[21]
Second-wave feminism, Women's suffrage, Feminist theory, Women's rights, Third-wave feminism
Gender studies, Feminism, Psychoanalysis, Women's studies, Patriarchy
Gender identity, Feminism, Transgender, Sociology, Feminist theory
Female genital mutilation, China, Feminism, Cambodia, Woman
Feminism, Supreme Court of the United States, New York City, Feminist theory, Third-wave feminism
Feminism, Feminist theory, Gender studies, Feminist movements and ideologies, Girl
Feminist theory, Postmodernism, Feminism, Feminist art movement, Modernism
Feminism, Feminist theory, Gender studies, Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom, Women's suffrage in the United States
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