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Foreign relations of Hungary

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Title: Foreign relations of Hungary  
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Foreign relations of Hungary

Hungary
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Hungary
Foreign relations

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Except for the short-lived neutrality declared by the anti-Soviet leader Imre Nagy in November 1956, Hungary's foreign policy generally followed the Soviet lead from 1947 to 1989. During the Communist period, Hungary maintained treaties of friendship, cooperation, and mutual assistance with the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic, Romania, and Bulgaria. It was one of the founding members of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact and Comecon, and it was the first central European country to withdraw from those organizations, now defunct.

Overview

As with any country, Hungarian security attitudes are shaped largely by history and geography. For Hungary, this is a history of more than 400 years of domination by great powers—the Partnership for Peace program in 1994 and has actively supported the IFOR and SFOR missions in Bosnia. The Horn government achieved Hungary's most important foreign policy successes of the post-communist era by securing invitations to join both NATO and the European Union in 1997. Hungary became a member of NATO in 1999, and a member of the EU in 2004.

Hungary also has improved its often frosty neighborly relations by signing basic treaties with OSCE follow-on documents since 1989, and served as the OSCE's Chairman-in-Office in 1997. Hungary's record of implementing CSCE Helsinki Final Act provisions, including those on reunification of divided families, remains among the best in eastern Europe. Hungary has been a member of the United Nations since December 1955.

The Gabčíkovo - Nagymaros Dams project

This involves Hungary and Czechoslovakia, and .was agreed on September 16, 1977 ("Budapest Treaty"). The treaty envisioned a cross-border barrage system between the towns Gabčíkovo, Czechoslovakia and Nagymaros, Hungary. After intensive campaign the project became widely hated as a symbol of the old communist regime. In 1989 Hungarian government decided to suspend it. In its sentence from September 1997, the International Court of Justice stated that both sides breached their obligation and that the 1977 Budapest Treaty is still valid. In 1998 the Slovak government turned to the International Court, demanding the Nagymaros part to be built. The international dispute is still not solved as of 2008.

On March 19, 2008 Hungary recognized Kosovo as an independent country.[1]

Disputes – international: Ongoing Gabčíkovo - Nagymaros Dams dispute with Slovakia

Illicit drugs: Major trans-shipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and cannabis and transit point for South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited producer of precursor chemicals, particularly for amphetamines and methamphetamines

Hungary and Central Asia

A number of Hungarian anthropologists and linguists have long had an interest in the Turkic peoples, fueled by the eastern origin of the Hungarians' ancestors.[2] The Hungarian ethnomusicologist Bence Szabolcsi explained this motivation as follows: "Hungarians are the outermost branch leaning this way from age-old tree of the great Asian musical culture rooted in the souls of a variety of peoples living from China through Central Asia to the Black Sea".[3]

Relations by region and country

Europe

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Armenia

See Armenia–Hungary relations

  • Armenia was represented in Hungary through its embassy in Vienna (Austria) and an honorary consulate in Budapest.
  • Hungary was represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow (Russia) and an honorary consulate in Yerevan.[4]
  • There are around 15,000 people of Armenian descent living in Hungary.
 Albania Austria-Hungary supported Albanian Declaration of Independence in 1912.
  • Albania has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Tirana.
 Austria See Austria–Hungary relations Austrian-Hungarian relations are the neighborly relations between Austria and Hungary, two member states of the European Union. Both countries have a long common history since the ruling dynasty of Austria, the Habsburgs, inherited the Hungarian throne in the 16th century. Both have been part of the now-defunct Austro-Hungarian Monarchy from 1867 to 1918. The two countries established diplomatic relations in 1921, after their separation.
 Belarus See Foreign relations of Belarus
 Belgium See Foreign relations of Belgium
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992-04-10 See Bosnia and Herzegovina – Hungary relations
  • Hungary recognized Bosnia and Herzegovina’s independence on April 9, 1992.
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Sarajevo.[5]
 Bulgaria 1920 See Bulgaria–Hungary relations
 Croatia See Croatia–Hungary relations
 Cyprus See Foreign relations of Cyprus
 Czech Republic See Foreign relations of the Czech Republic
 Denmark See Denmark-Hungary relations
 Estonia See Foreign relations of Estonia
 Finland See Foreign relations of Finland
 France See France–Hungary relations
Georgia See Foreign relations of Georgia
 Germany See Germany–Hungary relations
 Greece See Foreign relations of Greece
 Ireland 1976
 Italy
 Kosovo

Hungary recognized Kosovo on 19 March 2008.[14] Hungary has an embassy in Pristina.[15]

 Latvia 1921-07-21
  • Diplomatic relations between the two states were renewed on September 2, 1991.
  • Hungary has an embassy and an honorary consulate in Riga.[16]
  • Latvia has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
  • Latvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Hungary
 Lithuania
  • Hungary has an embassy in Vilnius and an honorary consulate in Kaunas.[17]
  • Lithuania has an embassy and an honorary consulate in Budapest.[18]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO and of the European Union.
  • Lithuanian Ministry of Foreign affairs: list of bilateral treaties with Hungary (in Lithuanian only)
 Luxembourg
 Malta 1964
  • Hungary is represented in Malta through its embassy in Rome (Italy) and through an honorary consulate in Valletta.
  • Malta is represented in Hungary through its embassy in Vienna (Austria) and through an honorary consulate in Budapest.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
  • Direction of the Hungarian representations in Malta
  • Direction of the Maltese representations in Hungary
 Moldova
 Montenegro

Montenegro has an embassy in Budapest.[19]

 Netherlands
 Norway 1920
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1920, but diplomatic representations were set up only in 1947-1948.
  • Hungary has an embassy in [22]
  • Norway has an embassy in Budapest.[23]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
 Poland

See Hungary-Poland relations

 Portugal 1974-07-01
 Romania 1920

Relations between the two states date back from the Middle Ages. Until the end of World War I, Transylvania, Banat, Crişana and Maramureş were part of the Kingdom of Hungary, after the war they became part of the Romanian territory.

 Russia
 Serbia 1882-11-21 See Hungary–Serbia relations
 Slovakia 1993 See Hungary–Slovakia relations
 Slovenia
 Spain 1938-01-13
 Sweden 1945-12-28
 Turkey
Memorial to Hungarian freedom fighters of 1848-1849 at Protestant Cemetery in Şişli, Istanbul.
 Ukraine
 United Kingdom 1920

Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 India
  • Indian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Hungary
  • Indian embassy in Budapest
 Indonesia 1955
  • Hungary has an embassy in Indonesia.[40] opened in Jakarta, the Indonesian capital, in 1957. Hungary has two honorary consuls in Indonesia, one in Bandung, West Java and another in Denpasar, Bali. A third consul will be opened in Surabaya, East Java.[40]
  • Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Hungary
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Budapest.[41] and there is a commercial developmental center too.
 Iran 1939 See Hungary–Iran relations
 Iraq See Hungary–Iraq relations
 Israel See Hungary–Israel relations
 Japan See Hungary–Japan relations
  • After World War II, both countries re-established diplomatic relations in August 1959.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Tokyo and 2 honorary consulates (in Hamamatsu and Osaka).[47]
  • Japan has an embassy in Budapest.[48]
  • Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Hungary
 Malaysia 1969 See Hungary–Malaysia relations
  • Hungary has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
  • Malaysia has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Malaysia Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Hungary
  • Hungary–Malaysia relations on www.kln.gov.my
 Mongolia 1959-05-29
  • Hungary is represented in Mongolia through its embassy in Beijing (People's Republic of China) and though an honorary consulate in Ulan Bator.
  • Mongolia has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Mongolian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: list of bilateral treaties with Hungary (in Mongolian only)
 North Korea See Hungary – North Korea relations
  • Relations between the two countries existed since the Korean War, but however have evolved into conflicts.
 Pakistan 1965-11-26
 People's Republic of China 1949-10-04 See People's Republic of China – Hungary relations
  • Hungary has an embassy in Beijing and general consulates in Hong Kong and Shangai.
  • China has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Officials from Hungary regularly visit China on trade missions, a factor that helped enabled the buyout of distressed Hungarian chemical maker Borsodchem by the Chinese company Wanhua Group.[51]
 South Korea 1988 See Hungary – South Korea relations
  • Permanent missions between the two countries were announced during the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. The announcement made Hungary the first Eastern Bloc country to exchange ambassadors with South Korea.
  • Hungarian embassy in Seoul
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about the relation with Hungary
  • South Korean embassy in Budapest
 Sri Lanka See Hungary – Sri Lanka relations Sri Lanka has an embassy in Vienna, Austria that is accredited to Hungary[52] and has a consul in Budapest[53] Hungary maintains a consulate in Colombo, Sri Lanka.[54] Hungary contributed to relief after the 2004 Tsunami, and has since stepped up aid to Sri Lanka.[55]
 Thailand 1973-10-24 See Hungary–Thailand relations
 Vietnam 1950-02-03
  • Hungary has an embassy in Hanoi and an honorary consulate in Ho Chi Minh City.[60]
  • Vietnam has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Hungary

Rest of world

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Australia 1972
 Brazil See Brazil–Hungary relations Hungary has an embassy in Brasília and a consulate general in São Paulo. The Hungarian Embassy in Brasília has consular jurisdiction over most of the Brazilian territory, except for the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul, which fall under the jurisdiction of the Consulate General in São Paulo. Brazil has an embassy in Budapest. The Brazil-Hungary Cultural Agreement was signed in 1992, and ratified on January 12, 1996.
 Canada See Foreign relations of Canada
 Colombia 1973
  • Colombia is represented in Hungary through its embassy in Vienna (Austria).
  • Hungary counts with an honorary consulate in Bogotá.
 Mexico 1901 See Hungary–Mexico relations Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1901, during the time of Austria–Hungary. Diplomatic relations were suspended between 1941 and 1974. They were re-established on May 14, 1974.
 Morocco
  • Hungary has an embassy in Morocco. Morocco has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Latifa Akharbach, the Morocco's under-secretary of Minister of Foreign Affairs visited Hungary in 2007.
 United States 1922 See Hungary–United States relations Normal bilateral relations between Hungary and the U.S. were resumed in December 1945 when a U.S. ambassador was appointed and the embassy was re-opened.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Croatia and Hungary recognize Kosovo".  
  2. ^ Róna-Tas, András (1999). Hungarians and Europe in the early Middle Ages: an introduction to early Hungarian history. Central European University Press. pp. 409–410.  
  3. ^ ipos, János Kazakh Folksongs from the Two Ends of the Steppe
  4. ^ Hungarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Hungarian honorary consulate in Yerevan
  5. ^ Hungarian embassy in Sarajevo (in Hungarian only)
  6. ^ Bulgarian embassy in Budapest
  7. ^ Hungarian embassy in Sofia (in Bulgarian and Hungarian only)
  8. ^ Hungarian embassy in Dublin
  9. ^ Irish embassy in Budapest
  10. ^ "CSO Emigration". Census Office Ireland. Retrieved 26 July 2013. 
  11. ^ Hungarian embassy in Rome (in Hungarian and Italian only)
  12. ^ Hungarian general consulate in Milan (in Hungarian and Italian only)
  13. ^ Italian embassy in Budapest (in Hungarian and Italian only)
  14. ^ "Hungary recognizes Kosovo’s Independence". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Hungary. 2008-03-19. Retrieved 2008-03-19. 
  15. ^ "Embassy of the Republic of Hungary in Pristina". Hungarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2008-06-27. 
  16. ^ Hungarian embassy in Riga (in Hungarian and Latvian only)
  17. ^ Hungarian embassy in Vilnius (in Hungarian only)
  18. ^ Lithuanian embassy in Budapest
  19. ^ Montenegro office and relation with Hungary
  20. ^ Dutch embassy in Budapest
  21. ^ Hungarian embassy in The Hague
  22. ^ Hungarian embassy in Oslo
  23. ^ Norwegian embassy in Budapest (in Hungarian and Norwegian only)
  24. ^ Hungarian embassy in Lisbon
  25. ^ Hungarian honorary consulate in Tavira
  26. ^ Hungarian embassy in Ljubljana (in Hungarian and Slovenian only)
  27. ^ Slovenian embassy in Ljubljana
  28. ^ Hungarian embassy in Madrid (in Hungarian and Spanish only)
  29. ^ Hungarian general consulate in Barcelona (in Hungarian, Catalan and Spanish only)
  30. ^ Hungarian honorary consulate in Málaga
  31. ^ Hungarian honorary consulate in Tenerife and the Canary Islands
  32. ^ Spanish embassy in Budapest (in Spanish only)
  33. ^ Hungarian embassy in Ankara
  34. ^ Turkish embassy in Budapest
  35. ^ Hungarian embassy in Kiev
  36. ^ Hungarian consulate general in Uzhhorod (in Hungarian and Ukrainian only)
  37. ^ Ukrainian embassy in Budapest
  38. ^ Hungarian embassy in London
  39. ^ British embassy in Budapest
  40. ^ a b Bilateral relations between Hungary and Indonesia
  41. ^ INDONESIAN EMBASSY BUDAPEST
  42. ^ Hungarian embassy in Tehran
  43. ^ Iranian embassy in Budapest
  44. ^ Hungarian embassy in Amman (also accredited to Iraq)
  45. ^ Hungarian embassy in Tel Aviv
  46. ^ Israeli embassy in Budapest
  47. ^ Hungarian embassy in Tokyo
  48. ^ Japanese embassy in Budapest (in Hungarian and Japanese only)
  49. ^ Hungarian embassy in Islamabad
  50. ^ Pakistani embassy in Budapest
  51. ^ "CEE Needs to Play the Asia Card". Euromoney. May 4, 2011. 
  52. ^ "Embassy and Permanent Mission of Sri Lanka". Sri Lankan Embassy in Vienna. Retrieved 2009-05-03. 
  53. ^ "List of honorary consuls in Hungary" (in Hungarian). Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Hungary. Retrieved 2009-05-03. 
  54. ^
  55. ^ "Bilateral Relations (Sri Lanka)". Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Hungary. Retrieved 2009-05-03. 
  56. ^ Hungarian embassy in Bangkok
  57. ^ Thai embassy in Budapest
  58. ^ Thailand's embassy in Budapest
  59. ^ thaiembassy.org/budapest
  60. ^ Hungarian embassy in Hanoi
  61. ^ Commonwealth of Australia. "About the Australian Embassy in Hungary". Retrieved 23 December 2008. 
  62. ^ Hungarian consulate general in Sydney
  63. ^ Embassy of Hungary in Mexico City (in English and Spanish)
  64. ^ Embassy of Mexico in Budapest (in Hungarian and Spanish)
  65. ^ Embassy of Hungary in Washington, DC (in English and Hungarian)
  66. ^ Embassy of the United States in Budapest (in English and Hungarian)

Further reading

  • Borhi, László, “In the Power Arena: U.S.-Hungarian Relations, 1942–1989,” The Hungarian Quarterly (Budapest), 51 (Summer 2010), pp 67–81.
  • Glant, Tibor, “Ninety Years of United States-Hungarian Relations,” Eger Journal of American Studies, 13 (2012), pp 163–83.
  • Hornyak, Arpad. Hungarian-Yugoslav Diplomatic Relations, 1918-1927 (East European Monographs, distributed by Columbia University Press; 2013) 426 pages
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