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The House of Peers (貴族院, Kizoku-in ) was the upper house of the Imperial Diet as mandated under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan (in effect from 11 February 1889 to 3 May 1947).
In 1869, under the new Meiji government, a Japanese peerage was created by an Imperial decree merging the former Court nobility (kuge) and former feudal lords (daimyo) into a single new aristocratic Social class called the kazoku.
A second imperial ordinance in 1884 grouped the kazoku into five ranks equivalent to the European prince (or duke), marquis, count, viscount, and baron. Although this grouping idea was taken from the European peerage, the Japanese titles were taken from Chinese and based on the ancient feudal system in China.
Ito Hirobumi and the other Meiji leaders deliberately modeled the chamber on the British House of Lords, as a counterweight to the popularly elected House of Representatives (Shūgiin).
In 1889, the House of Peers Ordinance established the House of Peers and its composition. For the first session of the Imperial Diet (1889–1890), there were 145 hereditary members and 106 imperial appointees and high taxpayers, for a total of 251 members.
With the creation of new peers, additional seats for members of the former Korean aristocracy and four seats for representatives from The Japan Imperial Academy, membership peaked at 409 seats by 1938.[1] In its 92nd and final session, the number of members was 373.
After revisions to the ordinance, notably in 1925, the House of Peers comprised:
[2]
After World War II, under the current Constitution of Japan, in effect from 3 May 1947, the unelected House of Peers was replaced by an elected House of Councillors.
United Kingdom, Japan, Beijing, United States, London
Isle of Man, India, Canada, European Union, British Overseas Territories
Cold War, Battle of Stalingrad, Nazi Germany, Battle of the Atlantic, Second Sino-Japanese War
Satan, Pope, Brittany, House of Lorraine, Nobility
Singapore, Cantonese, Taiwan, Standard Chinese, Hakka Chinese
World War II, Korea, Japan, Russian Empire, Meiji Restoration
World War II, Qing dynasty, Tokyo, Empire of Japan, Japan
Daimyō, Edo, Japan, Tairō, Tokugawa shogunate
Tokyo, Keio University, World War II, Shanghai, Japan
Tokyo, Kōchi Prefecture, Japan, Empire of Japan, Tosa Province