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The Intelligence Bureau (Urdu:انٹليجنس بيورو; reporting name:IB), is an internal and counterespionage intelligence agency responsible for conducting domestic deep infiltration and extraction operations in India.[2]
The IB is the oldest in its intelligence community created in 1947, immediately after the partition of India by the British Empire.[3] The IB was established from the division of the Intelligence Bureau of India and performs its operations under the Ministry of Interior (MoI). Appointments and the supervision of its operations are authorized by the Prime Minister's Secretariat.
Serving since 2013, Aftab Sultan , is the current Director-General of the Intelligence Bureau (IB), who previously had served in the CID bureau of the Lahore Metro Police.[1][4] The National Intelligence Directorate (NID) is formed in 2014 in order to pool intelligence gathered by over 30 Pakistan's intelligence agencies.[5]
The Intelligence Bureau originally part of the India's Intelligence Bureau which was established by the British Army's Major General Sir Charles MacGregor who, at that time, was Quartermaster General and head of the Intelligence Department for the Indian Army at Shimla, in 1885.[6] Prior to this appointment, Major General Sir MacGregor was sent to India by the Queen Victoria.[6] The IB's objectives were to monitor Russian troops deployments in Afghanistan, fearing a Russian invasion of British India through the North-West during the late 19th century.[6]
In the aftermath of the partition of India by the British Crown, the IB was formed out of Pakistan's share of the India's Intelligence Bureau.[3] Since, the IB is the oldest intelligence community; others being the Military Intelligence (MI) of Pakistan's military.[3] The IB was initially Pakistan's only and main intelligence agency with the responsibility for strategic and foreign intelligence, as well as counter-espionage and domestic affairs.[3]
Its poor performance with the MI and unsatisfactory detailing of the war with India in 1947 was however considered less than exemplary. Due to the fact, IB was concerned with internal security matters, and was not set up for foreign intelligence collection. These considerations ultimately led to the creation of the ISI in 1948 as it quickly took the charge of gathering strategic and foreign intelligence at all levels of command.[7]
Appointment for IB's Director-General are made by the Prime Minister but the appointment has to be confirmed by the President.[1][8] The IB is a civilian intelligence agency, and its DG have been appointed from the civil bureaucracy and the police; as well as retired military officials have also served as DG IB.[9]
Since 1950s–1980s, the IB, along with the FIA, was running active operations to monitor politicians, political activists, suspected terrorists, and suspected foreign intelligence agents. The IB keeps tabs on political operatives from countries it considers hostile to Pakistan's interests. In 1990s, the IB gained international reputation when its agents, with the undercover FIA agents, had successfully infiltrated many of the terrorist organizations.
In 1996, the IB was granted control of government censorship programs, controlling information dissemination via mail, wire, or electronic medium.ref name="Carnegie Endowment for International Peace"/> In 1990s, the IB remained actively involved to curb
IB officer shot dead at Karachi [4] IB officer killed at Peshawar [5] Supreme Court hearing case for involvement of IB in toppling Provincial Government [6]
The IB also passes on intelligence gained through infiltration between other Pakistan's intelligence community, police, and other Law enforcement units. The Bureau also grants the necessary security clearances to Pakistani diplomats and judges before they take the oath. Powers granted by the government, the IB also intercepts and opens regular mails and letters on a daily basis.
The IB agents have no formal arrest powers, and its suspects are often apprehended and interrogated by the FIA agents at the request of the IB officials.[11]
The IB is considered to be a main tool of the government to pacify opposition elements and is sometimes viewed as a government toppling machine. One case under discussion in the Supreme Court of Pakistan is for the alleged involvement of the agency in destabilising the Punjab Government in 2008.
[10] at Karachi in 1991-92 and 1994-96.Operation Clean-up The agency had also been blamed for its belligerent role in [10]
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