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This is a list of monarchs who ruled over the German territories of central Europe from the division of the Frankish Empire in 843 (by which a separate Eastern Frankish Kingdom was created), until the end of the Imperial Germany in 1918. It also includes the heads of the various German confederations after the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation in 1806.
Emperors are listed in bold. Rival kings, anti-kings, and junior co-regents are italicized.
The title "King of the Romans", used under the Holy Roman Empire, is considered equivalent to King of Germany. A king was chosen by the German electors and would then proceed to Rome to be crowned emperor by the pope.
Rome, Charlemagne, Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, Carolingian Empire, Paganism
House of Vasa, House of Savoy, House of Bonaparte, House of Habsburg, House of Oldenburg
House of Habsburg, House of Vasa, House of Savoy, House of Bonaparte, House of Wittelsbach
Duchy of Styria, House of Habsburg, Holy Roman Empire, Rudolph I of Bohemia, Rudolph I of Germany
Ottonian dynasty, Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, Richard Wagner, East Francia, Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
King of Italy, Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, Jerusalem, List of German monarchs
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, Rome, Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, Holy Roman Empire, Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Rome, King of Italy, Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, Conrad III of Germany, Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor