World Library  
My Account |  Register |  Help  
  
Flag as Inappropriate
Email this Article

List of active separatist movements in Europe

Article Id: WHEBN0028180056
Reproduction Date:

Title: List of active separatist movements in Europe  
Author: World Heritage Encyclopedia
Language: English
Subject: Luhansk People's Republic, List of active separatist movements in Africa, Future enlargement of the European Union, History of Spain
Collection:
Publisher: World Heritage Encyclopedia
Publication
Date:
 

List of active separatist movements in Europe

Map of active separatist movements in Europe. Red names indicate regions with movements that only claim greater autonomy within the actual state. Black names indicate regions with important secessionist movements, although both categories include moderate movements. The nations highlighted in colors are the territories claimed by the local nationalist groups, including areas out of the state's borders and cases of annexation to other states (click to enlarge).

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Europe. Separatism often refers to full political secession,[1][2][3] though separatist movements may seek nothing more than greater autonomy.[4]

What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

  1. They are active movements with active members;
  2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy);
  3. They are the citizen/peoples of the conflict area and do not come from another country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

Various ethnic groups in Europe are seeking greater autonomy or independence. In the European Union (EU), several of these groups are members of the European Free Alliance (EFA). In some cases, the group seeks union with a neighbouring country.

Albania

Northern Epirus[5][6]

  • Ethnic group: Greeks in Albania
    • Political parties: Unity for Human Rights Party (seeks autonomous status or union with Greece)

Azerbaijan

Lezgistan

Nagorno-Karabakh

Talysh-Mughan

Belgium

 Brussels-Capital Region

 Flemish Region or the Flemish Community (the latter includes Brussels)

German-speaking Community of Belgium

 Walloon Region

Bosnia and Herzegovina

 Republika Srpska

 Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia

Croatia

Istria

Rijeka

Cyprus

Breakaway state:

 Northern Cyprus

Czech Republic

 Moravia

Czech Silesia

Denmark

For movements in Greenland, see List of active separatist movements in North America.

 Bornholm

 Faroe Islands

Finland

 Åland

France

Some of the claimed nations and/or regions – 1. Brittany, 2. France proper (excluding Wallonia), 3. Occitania, 4. Lorraine which is sometimes part of France proper, 5. Alsace, 6. Basque Country, 7. Catalonia and 8. Corsica.
Secessionist movements
Gradual and eventual secession
Autonomist movements

Georgia

Breakaway states:

Abkhazia

 South Ossetia

Proposed autonomous movements:

Armenians in Samtskhe-Javakheti

Borchali Azerbaijanis

Germany

Bavaria

East Frisia

Franconia[23]

Lusatia

Schleswig-Holstein

Italy

Sardinia

South Tyrol

Veneto

Kosovo

See: International recognition of Kosovo

North Kosovo

Latvia

Latgale

 Macedonia

 Moldova

Breakaway state:

 Transnistria

Proposed independent and autonomous movements:

 Gagauzia

Taraclia[28]

Netherlands

Frisia

  • Ethnic group: Frisian
    • Proposed autonomous region: Frisia
      • Political party: Frisian National Party, (EFA member)
      • Status: Democratic movement seeking greater autonomy for Frisian-speaking people in Friesland[29]

Poland

Upper Silesia

Kashubia

  • Ethnic group: Kashubians
    • Proposed autonomous area: Kashubia
    • An association of people: Kaszëbskô Jednota who want to actively participate in the life of the Kashubian nation and who recognize its right to cultural autonomy and self-identity within the multi-ethnic society.

Romania

The geographical distribution of Hungarians in Romania

Székely Land

Szekler National Council,[36] Hungarian National Council of Transylvania, Liga Pro Europa, a Romanian-Hungarian regionalist NGO.,[35] Provincia, a group of intellectuals promoting regionalization of Romania,[35] Autonomy for Transylvania (AFT) campaign, it demands autonomy for Transylvania.[37] [

Russia

Russia's North Caucasus

Russia's other European regions

Serbia

Vojvodina

Sandžak

Preševo Valley

Breakaway state:

Republic of Kosovo

Slovakia

The geographical distribution of Hungarians in Slovakia

Autonomist movements:

  • Political parties: Party of the Hungarian Community,[43] In 2010, the party renewed their demand for autonomy.[44]
    • Goals: Territorial autonomy for the compact Hungarian ethnic block and cultural autonomy for the regions of sporadic Hungarian presence.[45]

Spain

Areas in Spain with separatist movements.
The disputed territory of Olivenza.

 Canary Islands (Main article: Canarian nationalism)

 Andalusia (Main article: Andalusian nationalism)

 Aragon

  • Ethnic group: Aragonese
  • Political party (nationalist): Chunta Aragonesista (EFA member)
  • Political party (secessionist): Estau Aragonés, Puyalón de Cuchas
  • Youth movement: Purna Astral, Chobenalla Aragonesista * Trade Unions: SOA
  • Other pro-independence organisations:A Enrestida, SEIRA
  • Proposed state: Aragon

Asturias (Main article: Asturian nationalism)

Balearic Islands

Basque Country (autonomous community) (Main article: Basque nationalism)

Cantabria

Catalonia (Catalan independence)

 Castile

Galicia (Main article: Galician nationalism)

Leonese Country (Main article: Leonesismo)
Territory of Olivenza (Olivença) (Main article: Disputed status of Olivenza)

Switzerland

Geneva

  • Regional group: Genevan
    • Proposed state: La République de Genève" or "Free State of Geneva"
      • Pressure Groups: Genevan politicians and activists.

Jura[46]

Ticino

Turkey

Northern Kurdistan[48]

Ukraine

Breakaway state:

Map of protests by region, indicating severity of the unrest at its peak

 Federal State of Novorossiya

Disputed status:

 Republic of Crimea

City of Sevastopol

Proposed autonomous regions:

 Crimea

Subcarpathian Ruthenia

United Kingdom, its territories, and the Crown dependencies

The United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies and the Republic of Ireland (click to enlarge)

United Kingdom

England

 England

Cornwall

 Cornwall (possibly including the Isles of Scilly)

Wessex

Wessex[59]

Yorkshire

 Yorkshire

United Ireland

United Ireland

Scotland

 Scotland

Northern Isles

Northern Isles

Orkney

 Orkney

Shetland

 Shetland

Outer Hebrides

Outer Hebrides

Wales

 Wales

Isle of Man

Shared sovereignty of Gibraltar between the United Kingdom and Spain

  • The condominium, with sovereignty shared between the UK and Spain. It was proposed by the Spanish government, rejected by the British government.[68]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Separatism", Free Dictionary .
  2. ^ Merriam; Webster, "Separatism", Dictionary .
  3. ^ "Separatism", The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English, Encyclopedia, 2008 ..
  4. ^ Harris, Jerry (2009). The Nation in the Global Era Conflict and Transformation. Brill. p. 320.  
  5. ^ "Directory of Minorities". Minority rights. Retrieved 10 April 2014. he size of the Greek minority is especially contentious on account of the history of claims to southern Albania made by the Greek government in Athens, and of the substantial support within Greece and among Greeks in Albania, for the establishment of an autonomous district of ‘Northern Epirus’. 
  6. ^ Andreevska, Elena (1998). The national minorities in the Balkans under the European and UN system of protection of human and minority rights. Magor.  
  7. ^ "Lezhgin question – a new puzzle for Azerbaijan". EU: Vikno. Retrieved 13 July 2011. 
  8. ^ "Nagorno Karabagh Republic: History and Current Reality". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. Retrieved 10 April 2009. 
  9. ^ "Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno Karabakh". Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh and Shusha Executive Power Authority. Retrieved 26 September 2011. 
  10. ^ "Azerbaijan in a stir over political prisoner". London: BBC. 6 February 2003. Retrieved 10 April 2009. 
  11. ^ Armed Peacekeepers in Bosnia. Diane. 2004. p. 122.  
  12. ^ "Lista za Rijeku" [List of Rijeka] (in Bosnian). Retrieved 20 March 2014. 
  13. ^ Maxmilián Strmiska. "Rise and Fall of Moravian Regionalist Parties". The International Institute of Political Science. Retrieved 10 April 2009. 
  14. ^ a b "Silesian Autonomy Movement". Silesian Autonomy Movement. Retrieved 10 April 2009. 
  15. ^ "Free Bornholm,". Retrieved 4 October 2014. 
  16. ^ "Amtsradsvalg,". Retrieved 4 October 2014. 
  17. ^ a b Zubiaga, M. et al.: Towards a Basque State. Nation-building and institutions, Bilbo: UEU, 2012 ISBN 978-84-8436-422-9.
  18. ^ Mateos, T. et al.: Towards a Basque State. Citizenship and culture, Bilbo: UEU, 2012 ISBN 978-84-8438-422-9.
  19. ^ Antiguedad, I. et al.: Towards a Basque State. Territory and socioeconomics, Bilbo: UEU, 2012 ISBN 978-84-8438-423-6.
  20. ^ ]Nice party [Parti niçois (in Français) .
  21. ^ "Russia’s Javakhk Diaspora demands autonomous region status for Samtskhe-Javakhk". Times.am. Retrieved 28 February 2010. 
  22. ^ "US State Department and Javakhk: The WikiLeaks Cables Part I". Asbarez. Retrieved 9 September 2011. 
  23. ^ Stehle, Anja (2014-09-13), "Freiheit für Bayern – mei‘, wär‘ des schee: Nach Schottland referendum entscheidend ist dass die bevölkerung das will" [Freedom for Bavaria — please consider the schee: Scotland referendum is crucial for the population will], Handelsblatt (in Deutsch) .
  24. ^ "Süd-Tiroler Freiheit Official website". 
  25. ^ Marusic, Sinisa Jakov (September 19, 2014). "Albanians Declare 'Republic' in Macedonia". Balkaninsight. Retrieved September 20, 2014. 
  26. ^ "Albanians proclaim "Republic of Ilirida" in Macedonia". InSerbia. September 19, 2014. Retrieved September 20, 2014. 
  27. ^ Republic of Ilirida" declared in Macedonia""". b92. September 19, 2014. Retrieved September 20, 2014. 
  28. ^ "Bulgarii din Republica Moldova cer autonomie și amenință Chișinăul cu alipirea la Găgăuzia". paginaeuropeana.ro. Retrieved 20 June 2014. 
  29. ^ "FNP program for the Provincial Elections 2007". Frisian National Party. Retrieved 12 April 2009. 
  30. ^ "Borbély az autonómiatervezet ről: ejnye, hogy megijedtünk!" [Barber's autonomy from the draft: ahem, that scared!] (in Română). kronika. 28 March 2014. Retrieved 28 March 2014. 
  31. ^ "Jövő héten egyeztet az MPP és az RMDSZ az autonómia-tervezetről". transindex.ro. 25 March 2014. Retrieved 28 March 2014. 
  32. ^ "Cultural autonomy and territorial federalism: two voting options for Hungarians in Transylvania". Nationalia. 13 November 2012. Retrieved 28 May 2014. 
  33. ^ "Megalakult a Partiumi Autonómia Tanács" [The formation of the Partium Council Autonomy] (in Magyar). Kitekinto. 22 July 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2014. 
  34. ^ "Nyílt pályázat a Partium jelképeinek megtervezésére" [Open tender for the design of the Partium symbols] (in Magyar). Erdely. 21 May 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2014. 
  35. ^ a b c "Cooperating regionalist and autonomy movements in Europe" (PDF). Central European University. 2007. Retrieved 30 March 2014. 
  36. ^ "Szekler National Council".  
  37. ^ "Petiţie pentru autonomia Transilvaniei, depusă la Prefectura Cluj" [Petition for the autonomy of Transylvania, Cluj filed Prefecture] (in Română). Romania libera. 12 March 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2014. 
  38. ^ a b Shlapentokh, Dmitry (3 December 2009). "The Kremlin's renegade puppet in Chechnya". The Japan Times. 
  39. ^ Shlapentokh, Dmitry (3 December 2009). "Chechen President". The Scotsman (Edinburgh). Archived from the original on 25 March 2010. Retrieved 11 August 2010. 
  40. ^ Fred Weir, A Baltic province's story, in one man's life, Christian Science Monitor, 25 July 2002
  41. ^ "Zukorlić: Autonomija Sandžaka sve izvesnija". 
  42. ^ "Jonuz Musliu, Deputy Mayor, Bujanovac, Southern Serbia". Retrieved 25 March 2014. 
  43. ^ "Head of party for ethnic Hungarians in Slovakia says autonomy necessary for minority’s survival". politics.hu. 17 April 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2014. 
  44. ^ "A felvidéki önrendelkezés kilátásairól az autonómia albizottság ülésén". mkp.sk. 16 April 2013. Retrieved 29 March 2014. 
  45. ^ "Berényi: A tömbnek területi, a szórványnak kulturális autonómiát". bumm.sk. 20 July 2013. Retrieved 29 March 2014. 
  46. ^ Daftary, Troebst (2004). Radical Ethnic Movements in Contemporary Europe. Berghahn Books. p. 192.  
  47. ^ MIJ
  48. ^ Pike, John (21 May 2004). "Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)".  
  49. ^ "The Hungarians of Transcarpathia demand autonomy and double citizenship". nevnov.ru. 2014-03-30. Retrieved 2014-05-14. 
  50. ^ "Hungarians, Rusyns in Zakarpatie afraid of forced Ukrainization, want autonomy". voiceofrussia.com. 2014-04-23. Retrieved 2014-06-19. 
  51. ^ English Republicans, English National Liberation Association .
  52. ^ "Section 5: Solutions – Economic, Legal and Political Measures", Restoring Britishness: UKIP Policy, UK Independence Party, archived from the original on 28 September 2011, retrieved 6 April 2010 
  53. ^ "Green Party will support calls for a Cornish Assembly". The Cornish Guardian. 8 May 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014. 
  54. ^ Demianyk, G (10 March 2014). "Liberal Democrats vote for Cornish Assembly". The Western Morning News. Retrieved 6 April 2014. 
  55. ^ "Spring Conference 2014". Lib Dems. 
  56. ^ "Cornish Nation". 
  57. ^ Stoyle, Professor Mark (17 February 2011), "The Cornish: A Neglected Nation?", British History, BBC .
  58. ^ Robins, David; Xylas, Nick (15 March 2003). The Case for Wessex (PDF). Wessex Constitutional Convention. p. 4.  
  59. ^ Robins, David; Xylas, Nick (15 March 2003). The Case for Wessex (PDF). Wessex Constitutional Convention. p. 7.  
  60. ^ Stead, Mark (24 March 2012). "We want devolution, says York council leader". The York Press. Retrieved 12 February 2013. 
  61. ^ """The official website of the "Yorkshire Independence – Campaign for devolution. Archived from the original on 6 December 2010. 
  62. ^ The Yorkshire devolution movement, Face book .
  63. ^ """David Blunkett MP suggests "Yorkshire Parliament. News (BBC). 27 October 2010. Retrieved 7 May 2014. 
  64. ^ The Yorkshire devolution movement, Word press .
  65. ^ Yorkshire devolution .
  66. ^ a b c d e f Herbert, Dean (18 March 2013). "Lib Dem's Scott wants 'home rule' for Shetland isles". Scottish Express. Retrieved 20 May 2013. 
  67. ^ a b Carrell, Severin (17 March 2013). "'"Scottish independence: islands consider their own 'home rule. The Guardian. Retrieved 20 May 2013. 
  68. ^ Gold, Peter (2005). Gibraltar: British or Spanish?. Routledge. p. 66.  

External links

"Manifest", Politiskaprogram [Political program] (PDF), AX: Ålands framtid, 2011 .

Separatist movements per continent
Current
This article was sourced from Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. World Heritage Encyclopedia content is assembled from numerous content providers, Open Access Publishing, and in compliance with The Fair Access to Science and Technology Research Act (FASTR), Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., Public Library of Science, The Encyclopedia of Life, Open Book Publishers (OBP), PubMed, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, and USA.gov, which sources content from all federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial government publication portals (.gov, .mil, .edu). Funding for USA.gov and content contributors is made possible from the U.S. Congress, E-Government Act of 2002.
 
Crowd sourced content that is contributed to World Heritage Encyclopedia is peer reviewed and edited by our editorial staff to ensure quality scholarly research articles.
 
By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. World Heritage Encyclopedia™ is a registered trademark of the World Public Library Association, a non-profit organization.
 



Copyright © World Library Foundation. All rights reserved. eBooks from Hawaii eBook Library are sponsored by the World Library Foundation,
a 501c(4) Member's Support Non-Profit Organization, and is NOT affiliated with any governmental agency or department.