World Library  
  
Flag as Inappropriate
Email this Article

Mid back rounded vowel

Article Id: WHEBN0030531529
Reproduction Date:

Title: Mid back rounded vowel  
Author: World Heritage Encyclopedia
Language: English
Subject: Hebrew diacritics, Hejazi Arabic, Hebrew alphabet, Near-close near-back vowel, Near-close central unrounded vowel
Collection:
Publisher: World Heritage Encyclopedia
Publication
Date:
 

Mid back rounded vowel

Mid back rounded vowel
o
o̞
ɔ̝
IPA number 307 430
Encoding
Entity (decimal) o​̞
Unicode (hex) U+006F U+031E

The mid back rounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. While there is no dedicated symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the exact mid back rounded vowel between close-mid [o] and open-mid [ɔ], it is normally written ⟨o⟩. If precision is desired, diacritics may be used, such as ⟨o̞⟩ or ⟨ɔ̝⟩, the former being more common. A non-IPA letter ⟨ⱺ⟩ is also found.

Note that just because a language has only one non-close non-open back vowel, it still may not be a true-mid vowel. The Sulawesian language Tukang Besi, for example, has a close-mid [o], whereas the Moluccan language Taba has an open-mid [ɔ]; in neither language does this contrast with another mid (true-mid or close-mid) vowel. The Kensiu language spoken in Malaysia and Thailand is highly unusual in that it contrasts true-mid vowels with close-mid and open-mid vowels without differences in other parameters such as backness or roundedness.

Features

  • Its vowel height is mid, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a close vowel and an open vowel.
  • Its vowel backness is back, which means the tongue is positioned as far back as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant. Note that unrounded back vowels tend to be centralized, which means that often they are in fact near-back.
  • Its roundedness is protruded, which means that the corners of the lips are drawn together, and the inner surfaces exposed.

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Arabic Hejazi[1] فوق [fo̞ːg] 'up' Typically transcribed in IPA as ⟨oː⟩.
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic ho̞ga [ho̞ːɡa] 'steam'
Bavarian Amstetten dialect[2]
Catalan Algherese soc [ˈso̞k] 'clog' /ɔ/ and /o/ merge into [o̞] in these dialects. See Catalan phonology
Northern
Danish Standard[3][4][5][6][7][8][9] monolog [mo̞no̞ˈlo̞ːˀ] 'monologue' Described variously as mid back,[6][7] mid near-back.[4][5][9] and slightly lowered mid back.[8] Typically transcribed in IPA as ⟨ɔ(ː)⟩. See Danish phonology
Dutch Amsterdam[10] och [o̞χ] 'alas' Corresponds to open-mid [ɔˁ] in standard Dutch. See Dutch phonology
Hasselt [o̞x]
Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect[11] mot [mo̞t] 'well' Typically transcribed in IPA as ⟨ɔ⟩. See Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect phonology
English Cardiff[12] thought [θo̞ːt] 'thought' Some speakers, for others it is [ʌ̈ː]. See English phonology
Cultivated
South African[13] 		Close-mid [oː] for other speakers.
Geordie[14] Typically transcribed in IPA as ⟨ɔː⟩.
Scouse[15]
Received Pronunciation[16] May be as open as [ɔː] for older speakers, and is most often transcribed as such. See English phonology
Estuary[17] coat [kʰo̟ːʔ] 'coat' Rare; commonly a diphthong.[17] It corresponds to /əʊ/ in other British dialects. See English phonology
Yorkshire[18] [kʰo̟t] Corresponds to /əʊ/ in other British dialects. See English phonology
Estonian[19] tool [to̞ːlʲ] 'chair' See Estonian phonology
Finnish[20][21] kello [ˈke̞llo̞] 'clock' See Finnish phonology
German Standard[22] Pavillon [ˈpʰävɪljõ̞] 'pavilion' Nasalized.[22] Present only in loanwords. See German phonology
Zurich dialect[23] do [d̥o̞] 'so' Allophone of /o/; reported to occur only in this word.[23]
Greek okeanós [o̞ˌce̞ɐˈno̞s] 'ocean' See Modern Greek phonology
Hebrew[24] [ʃäˈlo̞m] 'peace' Hebrew vowels are not shown in the script. See Niqqud and Modern Hebrew phonology
Inuit West Greenlandic[25] Allophone of /u/ before and especially between uvulars.[25] See Inuit phonology
Japanese[26] / [ko̞] 'child' See Japanese phonology
Korean[27] / [po̞ˈɾi] 'barley' See Korean phonology
Limburgish Hasselt dialect[28] [mo̞k] 'mug' Typically transcribed IPA as ⟨ɔ⟩.[28]
Norwegian Standard Eastern[29] [lo̞ːʋ] 'law' May be diphthongized to [o̞ə̯]. See Norwegian phonology
Portuguese Brazilian [po̞ɾo̞ˈɾɔ̞kɐ] 'pororoca' Unstressed vowel.[30] See Portuguese phonology
Romanian [ko̞ˈpil] 'child' See Romanian phonology
Russian[31]     'dry' See Russian phonology
Serbo-Croatian[32] / [t͡ʃʋô̞ːr] 'knot' See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Slovak Standard[33][34][35] [ˈo̞ɦu̞ric̟] 'to stun' See Slovak phonology
Slovene[36] [o̞ˈɡlá̠s̪] 'advertisement' Unstressed vowel,[36] as well as an allophone of /o/ before /ʋ/ when a vowel does not follow within the same word.[37] See Slovene phonology
Spanish[38] [ˈt̪o̞ð̞o̞] 'all' See Spanish phonology
Turkish[39] [kʰo̞ɫ] 'arm' See Turkish phonology
Ukrainian [ˈpo̞jiz̪d̪] 'train' See Ukrainian phonology
Zapotec Tilquiapan[40] do [d̪o̞] 'corn tassel'

Notes

  1. ^ Jarrah, Mohamed Ali Saleh (1993)
  2. ^ Traunmüller (1982), cited in Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:290)
  3. ^ Grønnum (1996:6)
  4. ^ a b Grønnum (1998:100)
  5. ^ a b Grønnum (2005:268)
  6. ^ a b Grønnum (2003)
  7. ^ a b Ladefoged & Johnson (2010:227)
  8. ^ a b Allan, Holmes & Lundskær-Nielsen (2000:17)
  9. ^ a b Basbøll (2005:47)
  10. ^ Collins & Mees (2003:132)
  11. ^ Peters (2010:241)
  12. ^ Coupland (1990:95)
  13. ^ Lass (2002:116)
  14. ^ Watt & Allen (2003:268)
  15. ^ Watson (2007:357)
  16. ^ Roach (2004:242)
  17. ^ a b Przedlacka (2001:44)
  18. ^ Roca & Johnson (1999:180)
  19. ^ Asu & Teras (2009:368)
  20. ^ Iivonen & Harnud (2005:60, 66)
  21. ^ Suomi, Toivanen & Ylitalo (2008:21)
  22. ^ a b Mangold (2005:37)
  23. ^ a b Fleischer & Schmid (2006), p. 251.
  24. ^ Laufer (1999:98)
  25. ^ a b Fortescue (1990), p. 317.
  26. ^ Okada (1991:94)
  27. ^ Lee (1999:121)
  28. ^ a b Peters (2006), p. 119.
  29. ^ Vanvik (1979:13)
  30. ^ Corresponds to /ɔ/, or /u/ (where Brazilian dialects have [u ~ ʊ ~ o̞]), in other national variants. May be lowered to [ɔ̝ ~ ɔ] in amazofonia, nordestino, mineiro (MG) and fluminense (RJ) if not nasalized ([õ̞] does not corresponds to phoneme /õ/), or be raised and merged to /o/ in sulista, paulistano, caipira and sertanejo.
  31. ^ Jones & Ward (1969:56)
  32. ^ Landau et al. (1999:67)
  33. ^ Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:375)
  34. ^ Kráľ (1988:92)
  35. ^ Pavlík (2004:94–95)
  36. ^ a b
  37. ^ Šuštaršič, Komar & Petek (1999:138)
  38. ^ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:256)
  39. ^ Zimmer & Orgun (1999:155)
  40. ^ Merrill (2008:109)

References

 
This article was sourced from Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. World Heritage Encyclopedia content is assembled from numerous content providers, Open Access Publishing, and in compliance with The Fair Access to Science and Technology Research Act (FASTR), Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., Public Library of Science, The Encyclopedia of Life, Open Book Publishers (OBP), PubMed, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, and USA.gov, which sources content from all federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial government publication portals (.gov, .mil, .edu). Funding for USA.gov and content contributors is made possible from the U.S. Congress, E-Government Act of 2002.
 
Crowd sourced content that is contributed to World Heritage Encyclopedia is peer reviewed and edited by our editorial staff to ensure quality scholarly research articles.
 
By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. World Heritage Encyclopedia™ is a registered trademark of the World Public Library Association, a non-profit organization.
 



Copyright © World Library Foundation. All rights reserved. eBooks from Hawaii eBook Library are sponsored by the World Library Foundation,
a 501c(4) Member's Support Non-Profit Organization, and is NOT affiliated with any governmental agency or department.