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National church is a concept of a Christian church associated with a specific ethnic group or nation state. The idea was notably discussed during the 19th century, during the emergence of modern nationalism.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, in a draft discussing the question of church and state around 1828 wrote that
John Wordsworth, bishop of Salisbury, wrote about the National Church of Sweden in 1911, interpreting the Church of Sweden and the Church of England as national churches of the Swedish and the English peoples, respectively. Lake (1987) traces the development of Presbyterianism in 16th-century England from the status of a "godly minority" which saw itself surrounded by the corrupt or hostile mass of the population, into a "genuine national church".[2]
The concept of a national church remains alive in the Protestantism of England and Scandinavia in particular. While, in a context of England, the national church remains a common denominator for the Church of England, some of the Lutheran "folk churches" of Scandinavia, characterized as national churches in the ethnic sense as opposed to the idea of a state church, emerged in the second half of the 19th century, following the lead of Grundtvig.[3] However, in countries in which the state church (also known as the established church) has the following of the majority of citizens, the state church may also be the national church, and may be declared as such by the government e.g. Church of Denmark,[4] Church of Greece,[5] Church of Iceland.[6]
Karl Barth denounced as heretical the tendency of "nationalizing" the Christian God, especially in the context of national churches sanctioning warfare against other Christian nations during World War I.[31]
Having, in my last, arrive at the great points which I wished to establish--the apostolicity, independence, and authority of the Church of England; and that she is necessarily the National Church, because Christianity is the National Religion.
The Church in Wales [is] ... the National Church in every sense of the word, not only theoretically but practically.
Sweden, Church of Sweden, Bible, Denmark, Greenland
Swedish language, Sweden, Lutheranism, Evangelical Lutheran Church in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Central Asia, Archbishop of Uppsala
Azerbaijan, Turkey, Ukraine, Yerevan, Soviet Union
Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Shinto, Chinese folk religion
Church of Scotland, Sikhism, Scottish Episcopal Church, Scotland, Scottish Reformation
Martin Luther, Book of Concord, Lutheranism, Christianity, Philippists
Brazil, Sweden, Norway, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo
Church of England, Buddhism, Islam, Catholic, Roman Catholic Church