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The open central unrounded vowel, or low central unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in many spoken languages. While the International Phonetic Alphabet officially has no dedicated letter for this sound between front [a] and back [ɑ], it is normally written ⟨a⟩. If precision is required, it can be specified by using diacritics, such as centralized ⟨ä⟩ or retracted ⟨a̠⟩, but this is not common.
Acoustically, however, [a] is an extra-low central vowel.[1] It is more common to use plain [a] for an open central vowel and, if needed, [æ] (officially near-open front vowel) for an open front vowel. Alternatively, Sinologists may use the letter ⟨ᴀ⟩ (small capital A). The IPA voted against officially adopting this symbol in 2011–2012.[2]
The Hamont dialect of Limburgish has been reported to contrast long open front, central and back unrounded vowels,[3] which is extremely unusual.
The IPA prefers terms "close" and "open" for vowels, and the name of the article follows this. However, a large number of linguists, perhaps a majority, prefer the terms "high" and "low".
Most languages have some form of an unrounded open vowel. Because the IPA uses ⟨a⟩ for both front and central unrounded open vowels, it is not always clear whether a particular language uses the former or the latter.
Open central unrounded vowel, International Phonetic Alphabet, Open front unrounded vowel, Open back rounded vowel, Near-back vowel
Open central unrounded vowel, International Phonetic Alphabet, Open back unrounded vowel, English language, Front vowel
Central vowel, English language, Received Pronunciation, General American, Abstraction
International Phonetic Alphabet, Open front unrounded vowel, Front vowel, Near-front vowel, Open-mid front unrounded vowel
Open back unrounded vowel, Close-mid back rounded vowel, Canada, United Kingdom, Close front unrounded vowel
Hebrew language, Niqqud, Hebrew alphabet, Mid back rounded vowel, Unicode
International Phonetic Alphabet, Front vowel, Central vowel, Back vowel, Near-open vowel