This page shows large-cell versions of the periodic table. For each element name, symbol, atomic number, and mean atomic mass value for the natural isotopic composition of each element are shown. The periodic table of the chemical elements is a tabular method of displaying the chemical elements.
The two layout forms originate from two graphic forms of presentation of the same periodic table. Historically, when the f-block was identified it was drawn below the existing table, with markings for its in-table location (this page uses dots or asterisks). Also, a common presentation is to put all 15 lanthanide and actinide columns below, while the f-block only has 14 columns. The fifteenth (rightmost) lanthanide and actinide are d-block elements, belonging to group 3, with scandium and ytterbium.
Although precursors to this table exist, its invention is generally credited to Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. Mendeleev intended the table to illustrate recurring ("periodic") trends in the properties of the elements. The layout of the table has been refined and extended over time, as new elements have been discovered, and new theoretical models have been developed to explain chemical behavior.[1]
The periodic table is now ubiquitous within the academic discipline of chemistry, providing an extremely useful framework to classify, systematize and compare all the many different forms of chemical behavior. The table has also found wide application in physics, biology, engineering, and industry. The current standard table contains 118 confirmed elements as of 10 March 2010.
18-column layout
Periodic table (18-column layout)
|
Group →
|
1
|
2
|
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
12
|
13
|
14
|
15
|
16
|
17
|
18
|
|
Alkali
metal
|
Alkaline earth metal
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Boron
group
|
Carbon
group
|
Pnictogen
|
Chalcogen
|
Halogen
|
Noble gas
|
CAS:
|
IA
|
IIA
|
|
IIIB
|
IVB
|
VB
|
VIB
|
VIIB
|
VIIIB
|
IB
|
IIB
|
IIIA
|
IVA
|
VA
|
VIA
|
VIIA
|
VIIIA
|
old IUPAC:
|
IA
|
IIA
|
|
IIIA
|
IVA
|
VA
|
VIA
|
VIIA
|
VIII
|
IB
|
IIB
|
IIIB
|
IVB
|
VB
|
VIB
|
VIIB
|
0
|
|
Hydrogen
1
H
1.00794(7)
|
→ name of element
atomic number
chemical symbol
relative atomic mass
|
|
Helium
2
He
4.002602(2)
|
2
|
Lithium
3
Li
6.941(2)
|
Beryllium
4
Be
9.012182(3)
|
|
Boron
5
B
10.811(7)
|
Carbon
6
C
12.0107(8)
|
Nitrogen
7
N
14.0067(2)
|
Oxygen
8
O
15.9994(3)
|
Fluorine
9
F
18.9984032(5)
|
Neon
10
Ne
20.1797(6)
|
3
|
Sodium
11
Na
22.98976928(2)
|
Magnesium
12
Mg
24.3050(6)
|
|
Aluminium
13
Al
26.9815386(8)
|
Silicon
14
Si
28.0855(3)
|
Phosphorus
15
P
30.973762(2)
|
Sulfur
16
S
32.065(5)
|
Chlorine
17
Cl
35.453(2)
|
Argon
18
Ar
39.948(1)
|
4
|
Potassium
19
K
39.0983(1)
|
Calcium
20
Ca
40.078(4)
|
|
Scandium
21
Sc
44.955912(6)
|
Titanium
22
Ti
47.867(1)
|
Vanadium
23
V
50.9415(1)
|
Chromium
24
Cr
51.9961(6)
|
Manganese
25
Mn
54.938045(5)
|
Iron
26
Fe
55.845(2)
|
Cobalt
27
Co
58.933195(5)
|
Nickel
28
Ni
58.6934(4)
|
Copper
29
Cu
63.546(3)
|
Zinc
30
Zn
65.38(2)
|
Gallium
31
Ga
69.723(1)
|
Germanium
32
Ge
72.63(1)
|
Arsenic
33
As
74.92160(2)
|
Selenium
34
Se
78.96(3)
|
Bromine
35
Br
79.904(1)
|
Krypton
36
Kr
83.798(2)
|
5
|
Rubidium
37
Rb
85.4678(3)
|
Strontium
38
Sr
87.62(1)
|
|
Yttrium
39
Y
88.90585(2)
|
Zirconium
40
Zr
91.224(2)
|
Niobium
41
Nb
92.90638(2)
|
Molybdenum
42
Mo
95.96(2)
|
Technetium
43
Tc
[98]
|
Ruthenium
44
Ru
101.07(2)
|
Rhodium
45
Rh
102.90550(2)
|
Palladium
46
Pd
106.42(1)
|
Silver
47
Ag
107.8682(2)
|
Cadmium
48
Cd
112.411(8)
|
Indium
49
In
114.818(3)
|
Tin
50
Sn
118.710(7)
|
Antimony
51
Sb
121.760(1)
|
Tellurium
52
Te
127.60(3)
|
Iodine
53
I
126.90447(3)
|
Xenon
54
Xe
131.293(6)
|
6
|
Caesium
55
Cs
132.9054519(2)
|
Barium
56
Ba
137.327(7)
|
57–70
|
Lutetium
71
Lu
174.9668(1)
|
Hafnium
72
Hf
178.49(2)
|
Tantalum
73
Ta
180.94788(2)
|
Tungsten
74
W
183.84(1)
|
Rhenium
75
Re
186.207(1)
|
Osmium
76
Os
190.23(3)
|
Iridium
77
Ir
192.217(3)
|
Platinum
78
Pt
195.084(9)
|
Gold
79
Au
196.966569(4)
|
Mercury
80
Hg
200.59(2)
|
Thallium
81
Tl
204.3833(2)
|
Lead
82
Pb
207.2(1)
|
Bismuth
83
Bi
208.98040(1)
|
Polonium
84
Po
[209]
|
Astatine
85
At
[210]
|
Radon
86
Rn
[222]
|
7
|
Francium
87
Fr
[223]
|
Radium
88
Ra
[226]
|
89–102
|
Lawrencium
103
Lr
[266]
|
Rutherfordium
104
Rf
[267]
|
Dubnium
105
Db
[268]
|
Seaborgium
106
Sg
[269]
|
Bohrium
107
Bh
[270]
|
Hassium
108
Hs
[269]
|
Meitnerium
109
Mt
[278]
|
Darmstadtium
110
Ds
[281]
|
Roentgenium
111
Rg
[281]
|
Copernicium
112
Cn
[285]
|
Ununtrium
113
Uut
[286]
|
Flerovium
114
Fl
[289]
|
Ununpentium
115
Uup
[289]
|
Livermorium
116
Lv
[293]
|
Ununseptium
117
Uus
[294]
|
Ununoctium
118
Uuo
[294]
|
|
|
Lanthanum
57
La
138.90547(7)
|
Cerium
58
Ce
140.116(1)
|
Praseodymium
59
Pr
140.90765(2)
|
Neodymium
60
Nd
144.242(3)
|
Promethium
61
Pm
[145]
|
Samarium
62
Sm
150.36(2)
|
Europium
63
Eu
151.964(1)
|
Gadolinium
64
Gd
157.25(3)
|
Terbium
65
Tb
158.92535(2)
|
Dysprosium
66
Dy
162.500(1)
|
Holmium
67
Ho
164.93032(2)
|
Erbium
68
Er
167.259(3)
|
Thulium
69
Tm
168.93421(2)
|
Ytterbium
70
Yb
173.054(5)
|
|
Actinium
89
Ac
[227]
|
Thorium
90
Th
232.03806(2)
|
Protactinium
91
Pa
231.03588(2)
|
Uranium
92
U
238.02891(3)
|
Neptunium
93
Np
[237]
|
Plutonium
94
Pu
[244]
|
Americium
95
Am
[243]
|
Curium
96
Cm
[247]
|
Berkelium
97
Bk
[247]
|
Californium
98
Cf
[251]
|
Einsteinium
99
Es
[252]
|
Fermium
100
Fm
[257]
|
Mendelevium
101
Md
[258]
|
Nobelium
102
No
[259]
|
32-column layout
Periodic table (32-column layout)
|
Group →
|
1
|
2
|
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
12
|
13
|
14
|
15
|
16
|
17
|
18
|
|
Alkali
metal
|
Alkaline earth metal
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Boron
group
|
Carbon
group
|
Pnictogen
|
Chalcogen
|
Halogen
|
Noble gas
|
CAS:
|
IA
|
IIA
|
|
IIIB
|
IVB
|
VB
|
VIB
|
VIIB
|
VIIIB
|
IB
|
IIB
|
IIIA
|
IVA
|
VA
|
VIA
|
VIIA
|
VIIIA
|
old IUPAC:
|
IA
|
IIA
|
|
IIIA
|
IVA
|
VA
|
VIA
|
VIIA
|
VIII
|
IB
|
IIB
|
IIIB
|
IVB
|
VB
|
VIB
|
VIIB
|
0
|
↓ Period
|
1
|
Hydrogen
1
H
1.00794
|
→ name of element
atomic number
chemical symbol
relative atomic mass
|
|
Helium
2
He
4.002602
|
2
|
Lithium
3
Li
6.941
|
Beryllium
4
Be
9.012182
|
|
Boron
5
B
10.811
|
Carbon
6
C
12.0107
|
Nitrogen
7
N
14.0067
|
Oxygen
8
O
15.9994
|
Fluorine
9
F
18.9984032
|
Neon
10
Ne
20.1797
|
3
|
Sodium
11
Na
22.98976928
|
Magnesium
12
Mg
24.3050
|
|
Aluminium
13
Al
26.9815386
|
Silicon
14
Si
28.0855
|
Phosphorus
15
P
30.973762
|
Sulfur
16
S
32.065
|
Chlorine
17
Cl
35.453
|
Argon
18
Ar
39.948
|
4
|
Potassium
19
K
39.0983
|
Calcium
20
Ca
40.078
|
|
Scandium
21
Sc
44.955912
|
Titanium
22
Ti
47.867
|
Vanadium
23
V
50.9415
|
Chromium
24
Cr
51.9961
|
Manganese
25
Mn
54.938045
|
Iron
26
Fe
55.845
|
Cobalt
27
Co
58.933195
|
Nickel
28
Ni
58.6934
|
Copper
29
Cu
63.546
|
Zinc
30
Zn
65.38
|
Gallium
31
Ga
69.723
|
Germanium
32
Ge
72.63
|
Arsenic
33
As
74.92160
|
Selenium
34
Se
78.96
|
Bromine
35
Br
79.904
|
Krypton
36
Kr
83.798
|
5
|
Rubidium
37
Rb
85.4678
|
Strontium
38
Sr
87.62
|
|
Yttrium
39
Y
88.90585
|
Zirconium
40
Zr
91.224
|
Niobium
41
Nb
92.90638
|
Molybdenum
42
Mo
95.96
|
Technetium
43
Tc
[98]
|
Ruthenium
44
Ru
101.07
|
Rhodium
45
Rh
102.90550
|
Palladium
46
Pd
106.42
|
Silver
47
Ag
107.8682
|
Cadmium
48
Cd
112.411
|
Indium
49
In
114.818
|
Tin
50
Sn
118.710
|
Antimony
51
Sb
121.760
|
Tellurium
52
Te
127.60
|
Iodine
53
I
126.90447
|
Xenon
54
Xe
131.293
|
6
|
Caesium
55
Cs
132.9054519
|
Barium
56
Ba
137.327
|
Lanthanum
57
La
138.90547
|
Cerium
58
Ce
140.116
|
Praseodymium
59
Pr
140.90765
|
Neodymium
60
Nd
144.241
|
Promethium
61
Pm
[145]
|
Samarium
62
Sm
150.36
|
Europium
63
Eu
151.964
|
Gadolinium
64
Gd
157.25
|
Terbium
65
Tb
158.92535
|
Dysprosium
66
Dy
162.500
|
Holmium
67
Ho
164.93032
|
Erbium
68
Er
167.259
|
Thulium
69
Tm
168.93421
|
Ytterbium
70
Yb
173.054
|
Lutetium
71
Lu
174.9668
|
Hafnium
72
Hf
178.49
|
Tantalum
73
Ta
180.94788
|
Tungsten
74
W
183.84
|
Rhenium
75
Re
186.207
|
Osmium
76
Os
190.23
|
Iridium
77
Ir
192.217
|
Platinum
78
Pt
195.084
|
Gold
79
Au
196.966569
|
Mercury
80
Hg
200.59
|
Thallium
81
Tl
204.3833
|
Lead
82
Pb
207.2
|
Bismuth
83
Bi
208.98040
|
Polonium
84
Po
[210]
|
Astatine
85
At
[210]
|
Radon
86
Rn
[222]
|
7
|
Francium
87
Fr
[223]
|
Radium
88
Ra
[226]
|
Actinium
89
Ac
[227]
|
Thorium
90
Th
232.03806
|
Protactinium
91
Pa
231.03588
|
Uranium
92
U
238.02891
|
Neptunium
93
Np
[237]
|
Plutonium
94
Pu
[244]
|
Americium
95
Am
[243]
|
Curium
96
Cm
[247]
|
Berkelium
97
Bk
[247]
|
Californium
98
Cf
[251]
|
Einsteinium
99
Es
[252]
|
Fermium
100
Fm
[257]
|
Mendelevium
101
Md
[258]
|
Nobelium
102
No
[259]
|
Lawrencium
103
Lr
[266]
|
Rutherfordium
104
Rf
[267]
|
Dubnium
105
Db
[268]
|
Seaborgium
106
Sg
[269]
|
Bohrium
107
Bh
[270]
|
Hassium
108
Hs
[269]
|
Meitnerium
109
Mt
[278]
|
Darmstadtium
110
Ds
[281]
|
Roentgenium
111
Rg
[281]
|
Copernicium
112
Cn
[285]
|
Ununtrium
113
Uut
[286]
|
Flerovium
114
Fl
[289]
|
Ununpentium
115
Uup
[289]
|
Livermorium
116
Lv
[293]
|
Ununseptium
117
Uus
[294]
|
Ununoctium
118
Uuo
[294]
|
References
-
IUPAC periodic table (Retrieved 20 June 2005)
-
WebElements Periodic table (professional edition) (Retrieved 20 June 2005)
-
Atomic Weights of the Elements 2001, Pure Appl. Chem. 75(8), 1107–1122, 2003
-
IUPAC Standard Atomic Weights Revised (2005).
Notes
-
^ "The periodic table of the elements".
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