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Provinces
Autonomous regions
Sub-provincial autonomous prefectures
Prefectural cities
Autonomous prefectures
Provincial-controlled cities
Provincial-controlled counties
Autonomous counties
County cities
City-controlled districts Ethnic districts
Banners
Autonomous banners
Forestry districts
Special districts
Management areas
Ethnic townships
Towns
Subdistricts Subdistrict bureaux
Sumus
Ethnic sumus
Prefectural bureaux
Neighbourhood Committee
Town-level city (pilot)
County-controlled districts County-controlled district bureaux
Village · Gacha Village Committees
Community
State-level new areas Autonomous administrative divisions National Central Cities
Provinces (Chinese: 省; pinyin: Shěng), formally province-level administrative divisions (Chinese: 省级行政区; pinyin: Shěng Jí Xíngzhèngqū) are the highest-level Chinese administrative divisions. There are 34 such divisions, classified as 22 provinces, 4 municipalities, 5 autonomous regions, 2 Special Administrative Regions, and the claimed Taiwan Province.[1]
The People's Republic of China (PRC) claims sovereignty over the territory administered by Taiwan (ROC), claiming most of it as its Taiwan Province. The ROC also administers some offshore islands which form Fujian Province, ROC. These were part of an originally unified Fujian province, which since the stalemate of the Chinese Civil War in 1949 has been divided between the PRC and ROC.
Every province has a Communist Party of China provincial committee, headed by a secretary beside the two special administrative regions. The committee secretary is in effective charge of the province, rather than the nominal governor of the provincial government.
Direct-controlled municipality (Chinese: 直辖市; pinyin: zhíxiáshì): A higher level of city which is directly under the Chinese government, with status equal to that of the provinces. In practice, their political status is higher than common provinces.
Province (Chinese: 省; pinyin: shěng): A provincial committee, headed by a secretary, nominally leads each standard provincial government. The committee secretary is first-in-charge of the province; second-in-command comes the governor of the provincial government.
The People's Republic of China claims the island of Taiwan and its surrounding islets, including Penghu, as "Taiwan Province". (Kinmen and the Matsu Islands are claimed by the PRC as part of its Fujian Province. Pratas and Itu Aba are claimed by the PRC as part of Guangdong and Hainan provinces respectively.) The territory is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC, commonly called "Taiwan").
Autonomous region (simplified Chinese: 自治区; traditional Chinese: 自治區; pinyin: zìzhìqū): A minority subject which has a higher population of a particular minority ethnic group along with its own local government, but an autonomous region theoretically has more legislative rights than in actual practice. The governor of the Autonomous Regions is usually appointed from the respective minority ethnic group.
Special administrative region (SAR) (simplified Chinese: 特别行政区; traditional Chinese: 特別行政區; pinyin: tèbié xíngzhèngqū): A highly autonomous and self-governing subnational subject of the People's Republic of China that is directly under the Central People's Government. Each SAR has a provincial level[2][3][4] chief executive as head of the region and head of government. The region's government is not fully independent, as foreign policy and military defence are the responsibility of the central government, according to the basic laws.
Notes:
Each province had a xunfu (巡撫; translated as "governor"), a political overseer on behalf of the emperor, and a tidu (提督; translated as "Captain General"), a military governor. In addition, there was a zongdu (總督), a general military inspector or governor general, for every two to three provinces.
Outer regions of China (those beyond China proper) were not divided into provinces. Military leaders or generals (將軍) oversaw Manchuria (consisting of Fengtian (now Liaoning), Jilin, Heilongjiang), Xinjiang, and Mongolia, while vice-dutong (副都統) and civilian leaders headed the leagues (盟長), a subdivision of Mongolia. The ambans (驻藏大臣) supervised the administration of Tibet.
In 1884 Xinjiang became a province; in 1907 Fengtian, Jilin, and Heilongjiang were made provinces as well. Taiwan became a province in 1885, but China ceded Taiwan to Japan in 1895. As a result, there were 22 provinces in China (Outer China and China proper) near the end of the Qing Dynasty.
The Republic of China, established in 1912, set up four more provinces in Inner Mongolia and two provinces in historic Tibet, bringing the total to 28. But China lost four provinces with the establishment of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo in Manchuria. After the defeat of Japan in World War II in 1945, China re-incorporated Manchuria as 10 provinces, and assumed control of Taiwan as a province. As a result, the Republic of China in 1946 had 35 provinces. Although the Republic of China now only controls one province (Taiwan), and some islands of a second province (Fujian), it continues to formally claim all 35 provinces.
abolished
The People's Republic of China abolished many of the provinces in the 1950s and converted a number of them into autonomous regions. Hainan became a separate province in 1988, bringing the total number of provinces under PRC control to 22.
The provinces in south coastal area of China—such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian and (mainly) Guangdong—tend to be more industrialized, with regions in the hinterland less developed.
Fuzhou, Xiamen, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangxi
Guangdong, Nanning, Vietnam, Zhuang people, Yunnan
Hong Kong, Beijing, Macau, Shanghai, Taiwan
Tokyo, United Kingdom, China, Shanghai, Hong Kong
China, India, United States, Brazil, Indonesia
Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Autonomous regions of China, Provinces of China, Qiqihar
Townships of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China, Chongqing, Subdistricts of the People's Republic of China
Guangxi, Provinces of China, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Ningxia