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Selenols are amino acid selenocysteine.
Selenols are structurally similar to thiols, but the C-Se bond is about 8% longer at 196 pm. The C–Se–H angle approaches 90° as it does in hydrogen selenide (H2Se). The bonding involves almost pure p-orbitals on Se, hence the near 90 angles. The Se–H bond energy is weaker than the S–H bond, consequently selenols are easily oxidized and serve as H-atom donors. Also reflecting the relative weakness of bonds to Se, selenols are about 1000x stronger acids than are thiols: the pKa of CH3SeH is 5.2 vs 8.3 for CH3SH. Deprotonation affords the selenolate anion, RSe−, most examples of which are highly nucleophilic and rapidly oxidized by air.[1]
The boiling points of selenols tend to be slightly greater than for thiols owing to the increased importance of van der Waals bonding, which is stronger for larger atoms. Volatile selenols have highly offensive odors.
Selenols enjoy few commercial applications, being limited by the high toxicity of selenium as well as the sensitivity of the Se–H bond. Their organic synthesis.
Selenols are important in certain biological processes. Three enzymes found in mammals contain selenols at their active sites:
Organoselenium compounds (or any selenium compound) are cumulative poisons despite the fact that trace amounts of Se are required for health.
Selenols are easily oxidized to diselenides, compounds containing an Se-Se bond. For example treatment of benzeneselenol with bromine gives diphenyl diselenide.
Dimethyl diselenide can be easily reduced to methaneselenol within cells.[7]
Another preparative route to selenols involves the alkylation of selenourea, followed by hydrolysis. Selenols are often generated by reduction of diselenides followed by protonation of the resulting selenoate:
Selenols are prepared usually by the reaction of Grignard reagents with elemental Se. For example, benzeneselenol is generated by the reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide with selenium followed by acidicifation:[6]
[5] Precursors of methaneselenol are under active investigation in cancer prevention and therapy. In these studies, methaneselenol is found to be more biologically active than ethaneselenol or 2-propaneselenol.[4][3][2]
Metadata, Isbn, International Standard Book Number, Prolog, Unicode
Ethanol, Hydrogen, Glucose, Antimony, Sodium
Selenium, Sulfur, Bacteria, Allium, Brassica
Latin, Digital object identifier, Carbon, Natural gas, Mercury (element)
Chemical class, Alcohol, Imine, /anic Peroxide, Amine
Phosgene, Imidazole, Stereochemistry, Chemical nomenclature, ChemSpider