Takelma language

Takelma
Taakelmàʔn
Native to	United States
Region	Oregon, Rogue Valley along the middle course of the Rogue River
Ethnicity	Takelma, Latgawa
Extinct	19th century
Language family	Penutian or language isolate
Language codes
ISO 639-3	tkm
Glottolog	take1257[1]
Takelma (south), with the Kalapuyan languages to the north

Takelma ^[2] was the language spoken by the Latgawa and Takelma people. It was first extensively described by Edward Sapir in his graduate thesis, The Takelma Language of Southwestern Oregon.^[3] The last fluent speaker of Takelma, with whom Sapir worked while writing about the language, was Frances Johnson (Gwísgwashãn).

Dialects

• Latgawa dialect, spoken in southwestern Oregon along the upper Rogue River
• Lowland dialect, spoken in southwestern Oregon in the Rogue Valley

There was possibly a Cow Creek dialect spoken in southwestern Oregon along the South Umpqua River, Myrtle Creek, and Cow Creek.^[4]

Genealogical relations

Takelma is a language isolate.

Takelma was once considered part of a Takelma-Kalapuyan language family together with the Kalapuyan languages (Swadesh 1965). However, a paper by Tarpent & Kendall (1998) finds this relationship to be unfounded because of the extremely different morphological structures of Takelma and Kalapuyan. DeLancey follows this position. However, Takelma is commonly proposed as part of the Penutian super-family, as first suggested by Edward Sapir.^[5]

Phonology

Consonants

Words

• [mìːʔskaʔ] – one
• [kàːʔm] – two
• [xìpiní] – three
• [kamkàm] – four
• [déːhal] – five
• [haʔiːmìʔs] – six
• [haʔiːkàːʔm] – seven
• [haʔiːxín] – eight
• [haʔiːkó] – nine
• [ìxtiːl] – ten

References

Further reading

• Edward Sapir (1914). Takelma texts. University Museum. Retrieved 24 August 2012. 
• Comparative vocabulary of the languages spoken by the 'Umpqua,' 'Lower Rogue River' [Takelma and 'Calapooia' tribes of Indians" (35 pp., original dated May 1859)], California Language Archive
• OLAC resources in and about the Takelma language

Languages of Oregon Italics indicate extinct languages Alsean Alsea (Alséya) Yaquina (Yakwina, Yakona) Athabaskan languages Siletz Dee-ni Galice language (Galice-Applegate) Chinookan languages Chinook Jargon Kathlamet language Lower Chinook Upper Chinook (Kiksht, Columbia Chinook, Wasco-Wishram) Coosan Hanis (Coos) Miluk (Lower Coquille) Kalapuyan Central Kalapuya (Santiam) Northern Kalapuya (Tualatin dialect (Tfalati, Atfalati)) Northern Kalapuya (Yamhill dialect (Yamell)) Yoncalla (Southern Kalapuya) Oregon Coast Penutian languages Siuslaw Plateau Penutian languages Klamath-Modoc (Klamath, Lutuamian) Molala language Sahaptian Sahaptin (Shahaptin, Sħáptənəxw, Ichishkíin Sɨ́nwit) Umatilla Salishan Tillamook language Unclassified languages Cayuse language Takelma language Uto-Aztecan Northern Paiute (Numu and Paviotso) Indo-European American English Dutch German Russian Spanish Swedish Uralic Finnish

Languages of California Italics indicate extinct languages Algic Wiyot Yurok Athabascan Tolowa Hupa Mattole Kato Wailaki Chumashan Obispeño Island Chumash Purisimeño Ineseño Barbareño Ventureño Ohlone Karkin Chochenyo Ramaytush Tamyen Awaswas Mutsun Rumsen Chalon Hokan Chimariko Karuk Achomawi Atsugewi Northeastern Pomo Eastern Pomo Southeastern Pomo Northern Pomo Central Pomo Southern Pomo Kashaya Washo Mojave Kumeyaay Yana Yahi Penutian Klamath-Mudoc Yokuts Wintu Bay Miwok Coast Miwok Lake Miwok Plains Miwok Central Sierra Miwok Northern Sierra Miwok Southern Sierra Miwok Valley Maidu Northeast Maidu Northwest Maidu Nisenan Shastan Konomihu New River Shasta Okwanuchu Shasta Uto Aztecan Cahuilla Cupeño Kawaiisu Kitanemuk Luiseño-Juaneño Mono Northern Paiute Panamint Serrano Tataviam Tongva Ute Wintuan Nomlaki Patwin Southern Patwin Wintu Yokutsan Buena Vista Yokuts, Chukchansi, Gashowu Yokuts, Kings River Yokuts, Palewyami, Tule-Kaweah Yokuts, Valley Yokuts Yukian Yuki, Wappo Language isolates Esselen, Chimariko, Karuk, Salinan, Takelma Mesoamerican Amuzgo Chatino Chontal Maya Chinanteco Ch’ol Huichol K'iche' Mam Mazateco Mixe Mixtec Nahuatl Otomi Purépecha Tacuate Tarahumara Tlapaneco Tojolab'al Trique Tzeltal Tzotzil Uspanteko Yucatec Maya Zapoteco Zoogocho Zapotec Zoque Asian Chinese Korean Tagalog Vietnamese Indo-European American English California English Chicano English Spanish Armenian Punjabi Russian