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Telu, 340
Telugu script, an abugida from the Brahmic family of scripts, is used to write the Telugu language, a language found in the South Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana as well as several other neighbouring states. Telugu script is also widely used for writing Sanskrit texts.It gained prominence during the Vengi Chalukyas era. It shares high similarity with its sibling Kannada script.[2]
The Brahmi script used by Mauryan kings eventually reached Krishna River delta and gave rise to Bhattiprolu script found on the urn containing Buddha's relics.[3][4] Buddhism spread to east Asia from the nearby ports of Ghantasala and Masulipatnam (ancient Maisolos of Ptolemy and Masalia of Periplus).[5] The Bhattiprolu Brahmi script evolved into the Telugu script by 5th century C.E.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The Telugu and Kannada alphabets are essentially regional calligraphic variants of a single script.
The Muslim historian and scholar Al-Biruni called the Telugu language and script Andhri.[13]
Telugu uses eighteen vowels, each of which has both an independent form and a diacritic form used with consonants to create syllables. The language makes a distinction between short and long vowels.
The independent form is used when the vowel occurs at the beginning of a word or syllable, or is a complete syllable in itself (example: a, u, o). The diacritic form is added to consonants (represented by the dotted circle) to form a consonant-vowel syllable (example: ka, kru, mo). అ does not have a diacritic form, because this vowel is already inherent in all of the consonants. The other diacritic vowels are added to consonants to change their pronunciation to that of the vowel.
Examples:
There are also several other diacritics used in the Telugu script. ్ mutes the vowel of a consonant, so that only the consonant is pronounced. ం and ఁ nasalize the vowels or syllables to which they are attached. ః adds a voiceless breath after the vowel or syllable it is attached to.
The places of articulation (passive) are classified as five.
Apart from that, other places are combinations of the above five places.
The places of articulation (active) are classified as three, they are
The attempt of articulation of consonants(Uccāraṇa Prayatnam) is of two types,
Articulation of consonants will be a logical combination of components in the two prayatnams. The below table gives a view upon articulation of consonants.
The Telugu script has generally regular conjuncts, with trailing consonants taking a subjoined form, often losing the v-shaped headstroke. The following table shows all two-consonant and one three-consonant conjunct, but individual conjuncts may differ between fonts.
NOTE: ౹, ౺, and ౻ are used also for 1⁄64, 2⁄64, 3⁄64, 1⁄1024, etc. and ౼, ౽, and ౾ are also used for 1⁄256, 2⁄256, 3⁄256, 1⁄4096, etc.[15]
Telugu script was added to the Unicode Standard in October, 1991 with the release of version 1.0.
The Unicode block for Telugu is U+0C00–U+0C7F:
In contrast to a syllabic script such as katakana, where one Unicode code point represents the glyph for one syllable, Telugu combines multiple code points to generate the glyph for one syllable, using complex font rendering rules.[16][17]
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