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The Secretary of War was a member of the Congress of the Confederation under the Articles of Confederation between 1781 and 1789. Benjamin Lincoln and later Henry Knox held the position. When Washington was inaugurated as the first president under the Constitution, he appointed Knox to continue serving.
The Secretary of War was the head of the War Department. At first, he was responsible for all military affairs, including naval affairs. In 1798, the Secretary of the Navy was created by statute, and the scope of responsibility for this office was reduced to the affairs of the United States Army. From 1886 onward, the Secretary of War was third in the line of succession to the presidency, after the Vice President of the United States and the Secretary of State.
In 1947, with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947, the Secretary of War was replaced by the Secretary of the Army and the Secretary of the Air Force, which, along with the Secretary of the Navy, have since 1949 been non-Cabinet subordinates under the Secretary of Defense. The Secretary of the Army's office is generally considered the direct successor to the Secretary of War's office although the Secretary of Defense took the Secretary of War's position in the Cabinet, and the line of succession to the presidency.
No party Federalist Democratic-Republican Democratic Whig
New York City, Long Island, Albany, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania
Delaware, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Maryland
Baseball, Nashville, Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee, Mississippi, Arkansas
Columbus, Ohio, Democratic Party (United States), Indiana, Virginia, Cleveland
Cabinet of the United States, President of the United States, Vice President of the United States, United States Secretary of State, United States Secretary of the Treasury
Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, Abraham Lincoln, Calvin Coolidge, President of the United States
South Carolina, James Monroe, Martin Van Buren, John Quincy Adams, Thomas Jefferson
John Quincy Adams, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, Virginia, New York City
World War I, World War II, American Civil War, Major general (United States), Mexican–American War