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Later Yan

Later Yan (後燕)
燕
←
384–409 →
 
→
 
→
Capital Zhongshan (386-397)
Longcheng (397-409)
Political structure Empire
Emperor
 •  384-396 Murong Chui
 •  396-398 Murong Bao
 •  398 Lan Han
 •  398-401 Murong Sheng
 •  401-407 Murong Xi
 •  407-409 Murong Yun
History
 •  Established 384
 •  Establishment of Zhongshan as capital 8 February 386[1][2]
 •  Murong Chui's claim of imperial title 15 February 386[2][3]
 •  Evacuation of Zhongshan 27 April 397[4][5]
 •  Murong Xi's death 16 September 407[6][7]
 •  Disestablished 6 November 409[8][9] 409

The Later Yan (simplified Chinese: 后燕; traditional Chinese: 後燕; pinyin: Hòuyàn; 384-407 or 409) was a Murong–Xianbei state, located in modern-day northeast China, during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China.[10]

All rulers of the Later Yan declared themselves "emperors".

Rulers of the Later Yan

Temple names Posthumous names Family names and given name Durations of reigns Era names and their according durations
Chinese convention: use family name and given name
Shizu (世祖 Shìzǔ) Wucheng (武成 Wǔchéng) 慕容垂 Mùróng Chuí 384-396 Yanwang (燕王 Yànwáng) 384-386
Jianxing (建興 Jiànxīng) 386-396
Liezong (烈宗 Lièzōng) Huimin (惠愍 Huìmǐn) 慕容寶 Mùróng Bǎo 396-398 Yongkang (永康 Yǒngkāng) 396-398
Unknown Unknown 蘭汗/兰汗 Lán Hàn 398 Qinglong (青龍/青龙 Qīnglóng) 398
Zhongzong (中宗 Zhōngzōng) Zhaowu (昭武 Zhāowǔ) 慕容盛 Mùróng Shèng 398-401 Jianping (建平 Jiànpíng) 398
Changle (長樂 Chánglè) 399-401
Unknown Zhaowen (昭文 Zhaowén) 慕容熙 Mùróng Xī 401-407 Guangshi (光始 Guāngshǐ) 401-406
Jianshi (建始 Jiànshǐ) 407
Unknown Huiyi (惠懿 Huìyì) 慕容雲/慕容云 Mùróng Yún1
or 高雲/高云 Gāo Yún1
 407-409 Zhengshi (正始 Zhèngshǐ) 407-409
1 The family name of Gao Yun was changed to Murong when he was adopted by the royal family. If Gao Yun was counted as a ruler of the Later Yan, the state would end in 409. It ended in 407 otherwise.

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna=%AAF%AE%CA&king=%A7%B5%AAZ%AB%D2&reign=%A4%D3%A4%B8&yy=10&ycanzi=&mm=12&dd=&dcanzi=%A4%FE%A5%D3
  2. ^ a b Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 106.
  3. ^ http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna=%AAF%AE%CA&king=%A7%B5%AAZ%AB%D2&reign=%A4%D3%A4%B8&yy=11&ycanzi=&mm=1&dd=1&dcanzi=
  4. ^ http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna=%AAF%AE%CA&king=%A6w%AB%D2&reign=%B6%A9%A6w&yy=1&ycanzi=&mm=3&dd=&dcanzi=%A4%D0%A4l
  5. ^ Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 109.
  6. ^ http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna=%AAF%AE%CA&king=%A6w%AB%D2&reign=%B8q%BA%B3&yy=3&ycanzi=&mm=7&dd=&dcanzi=%A4%FE%B1G
  7. ^ Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 114.
  8. ^ http://www.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna=%AAF%AE%CA&king=%A6w%AB%D2&reign=%B8q%BA%B3&yy=5&ycanzi=&mm=10&dd=&dcanzi=%A5%B3%A8%B0
  9. ^ Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 115.
  10. ^ Grousset, Rene (1970). The Empire of the Steppes. Rutgers University Press. p. 59.  
16 Kingdoms
Other states
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