United States Ambassador to France

Ambassador of the United States to France Ambassadeur des États-Unis en France
Seal of the United States Department of State
Incumbent Jane D. Hartley since October 15, 2014
Residence	Hôtel de Pontalba
Appointer	Barack Obama As President of the United States
Inaugural holder	Benjamin Franklin as Envoy
Formation	1778
Website	U.S. Embassy - Paris

There has been a United States Ambassador to France since the American Revolution. The United States sent its first envoys to France in 1776, towards the end of the four-centuries-old Bourbon dynasty. The American diplomatic relationship with France has continued throughout that country's five republican regimes, two periods of French empire, the Bourbon Restoration, and its July Monarchy. After the Battle of France, the United States maintained diplomatic relations with Vichy France until France severed them on the date Operation Torch was launched in November, 1942; the Embassy was reopened December, 1944.

1 United States Representatives in Paris
2 See also
3 References
4 External links

United States Representatives in Paris

United States Envoys to France

During the Ancien Régime:

Benjamin Franklin, Arthur Lee, Silas Deane (substituted by John Adams in 1778) Dec. 1776–1779

Benjamin Franklin

John Adams

Thomas Jefferson

James Monroe

John Barker Church 1783–1785

United States Ministers Plenipotentiary to France

During the Ancien Régime:

Benjamin Franklin —Appointed Sep 14, 1778; Presented credentials Mar 23, 1779; Termination of mission May 17, 1785
Thomas Jefferson—Appointed Mar 10, 1785; Presented credentials: May 17, 1785 – Termination of mission September 26, 1789
William Short April 20, 1790 – May 15, 1792

During the First Republic:

Gouverneur Morris 1792–1794
James Monroe 1794–1796
Charles Cotesworth Pinckney 1796–1797
Robert R. Livingston 1801–1804

Edward Livingston

During the First French Empire:

John Armstrong 1804–1810
Joel Barlow 1811–1812
William H. Crawford 1813–1815

During the Bourbon Restoration and July Monarchy:

Albert Gallatin 1816-1823
James Brown 1824-1829
William C. Rives 1829-1833
Levett Harris, April 1833–September 1833
Edward Livingston, 1833-1836
Lewis Cass, 1836-1842
William Rufus King, 1844-1846
Richard Rush, 1847-1848

During the Second French Republic:

Richard Rush, 1848-1849
William Cabell Rives, 1849-1853

During the Second French Empire:

John Y. Mason, 1853-1859
John Bigelow, 1861-1865
John Adams Dix 1866–1869

United States Ambassadors Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to France

During the French Third Republic:

Elihu B. Washburne 1869-1877
Edward F. Noyes 1877-1881
Levi P. Morton 1881-1885
Robert Milligan McLane 1885-1889
Whitelaw Reid 1889-1892
T. Jefferson Coolidge 1893-1893
James Biddle Eustis 1893–1897
Horace Porter 1897–1905
Robert Sanderson McCormick 1905–1907
Henry White 1907–1909
Robert Bacon 1909–1912
Myron T. Herrick 1912–1914
William Graves Sharp 1914–1919
Hugh Campbell Wallace 1919–1921
Myron T. Herrick 1921–1929
Walter E. Edge 1929-1933
Jesse Isidor Straus 1933–1936
William C. Bullitt 1936–1940

During Vichy France:

William D. Leahy 1941–1942
- After Leahy left, S. Pinkney Tuck served as interim Chargé d'affaires until France severed diplomatic relations with the U.S. on November 8, 1942, the date of Operation Torch

During the French Fourth Republic:

Jefferson Caffery 30 December 1944 – 1949
- The Embassy in Paris had been opened to the public Dec 1, 1944, with Ambassador Caffery in charge pending presentation of his letter of credence.
David K. E. Bruce 1949–1952
James C. Dunn 1952–1953
C. Douglas Dillon 1953–1957

R. Sargent Shriver

During the French Fourth Republic and the French Fifth Republic:

Amory Houghton 1957-1961

During the French Fifth Republic:

James M. Gavin 1961–1962
Charles E. Bohlen 1962–1968
Robert Sargent Shriver, Jr. 1968–1970
Arthur K. Watson 1970–1972
John N. Irwin, II 1973–1974
Kenneth Rush 1974–1977
Arthur A. Hartman 1977–1981
Evan Griffith Galbraith 1981–1985
Joe M. Rodgers 1985–1989
Walter Curley 1989–1993
Pamela Harriman 1993–1997
Felix Rohatyn 1997–2000
Howard H. Leach 2001–2005
Craig Roberts Stapleton 2005–2009
Charles Rivkin 2009–2013^[1]–2013.^[2]
- Mark A. Taplin 2013–2014 (Interim)^[3]
Jane D. Hartley 2014–present

References

^ "New U.S. Envoy Takes Up Post" by Brian Knowlton, The New York Times, Aug. 16, 2009. Retrieved 8/31/09.
^ [1] "Ambassador Charles Rivkin permanently departed post on Tuesday, November 19, 2013 following his nomination by President Obama to serve as Assistant Secretary of the State Department’s Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs." Retrieved 1/29/14
^ "Our Charge D'Affairs Ad Interim". US Embassy to France. Retrieved 2 May 2014.

United States Department of State: Background notes on France
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of State (Background Notes).
David McCullough, The Greater Journey: Americans in Paris, Simon & Schuster, 2011, ISBN 978-1-4165-7176-6

External links

United States Department of State: Chiefs of Mission for France
United States Department of State: France
United States Embassy in Paris
Interview with 1984 U.S. Ambassador to France from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives

Benjamin Franklin

January 6, 1706 – April 17, 1790 President of Pennsylvania, 1785–88, Ambassador to France 1779–85 Delegate, Second Continental Congress (1775–76)

Founding of the United States	'Join, or Die' (1754 political cartoon) Albany Plan of Union Albany Congress Committee of Secret Correspondence Committee of Five Declaration of Independence Model Treaty Franco-American alliance Treaty of Amity and Commerce Treaty of Alliance Staten Island Peace Conference Treaty of Paris, 1783 Delegate, 1787 Constitutional Convention Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly Postmaster General Founding Fathers

Inventions, other events	Bifocals Franklin stove Glass armonica Gulf Stream exploration, naming, and chart Lightning rod Kite experiment Pay it forward Associators 111th Infantry Regiment Junto club American Philosophical Society Library Company of Philadelphia Pennsylvania Hospital The Academy and College of Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Contributionship Union Fire Company Early American currency United States Postal Service President, Pennsylvania Abolition Society Master, Les Neuf Sœurs Social contributions and studies

Writings	Silence Dogood letters (1722) A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain (1725) Pennsylvania Gazette (1729-1790) Poor Richard's Almanack (1732-1758) Advice to a Friend on Choosing a Mistress (1745) The Speech of Polly Baker (1747) Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc. (1751) Birch letters (1755) The Way to Wealth (1758) Pennsylvania Chronicle (1767) (1773) Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One Proposed alliance with the Iroquois (1775) A Letter To A Royal Academy (1781) Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America (1784) The Morals of Chess (1786) (1789)An Address to the Public (1789)A Plan for Improving the Condition of the Free Blacks The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin (1771–90, pub. 1791) Bagatelles and Satires (pub. 1845) Franklin as a journalist

Legacy	Franklin Court Benjamin Franklin House Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology Benjamin Franklin National Memorial Franklin Institute Benjamin Franklin Medal Popular culture Ben and Me (1953 short) Ben Franklin in Paris (1964 musical play) 1776 (1969 musical 1972 film) Liberty's Kids (2002 animated series) John Adams (2008 miniseries) Sons of Liberty (2014 miniseries) Franklin half dollar One-hundred dollar bill Washington-Franklin stamps Cities, counties, schools named for Franklin Franklin Field State of Franklin Ships named USS Franklin Ben Franklin effect

Family	Mary Morrill (grandmother) Peter Foulger (grandfather) Josiah Franklin (father) Jane Mecom (sister) James Franklin (brother) Deborah Read (wife) Sarah Franklin Bache (daughter) Francis Franklin (son) William Franklin (son) Richard Bache (son-in-law) Ann Smith Franklin (sister-in-law) Richard Bache Jr. (grandson) Benjamin F. Bache (grandson) Louis F. Bache (grandson) William Franklin (grandson) Andrew Harwood (grandson) Jonathan Williams (grandnephew) Alexander Bache (great-grandson) Benjamin F. Bache (great-grandson) Agnes Irwin (great-great granddaughter) Richard Wainwright (great-great-grandson) George Bache (great-great grandson) Daniel Brewster (great-great-great grandson) Richard Wainwright (great-great-great grandson)

Related	American Enlightenment The New-England Courant The American Museum magazine Syng inkstand

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Ambassadors of the United States

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United States Ambassador to France