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The voiceless pharyngeal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is an h-bar (which resembles the Cyrillic lowercase letter Tshe), ⟨ħ⟩. Epiglottals and epiglotto-pharyngeals are often mistakenly taken to be pharyngeal. In academic writings, it is often distinguished by writing a diacritical dot beneath the letter, as in Ḥ or in ḥ.
Features of the voiceless pharyngeal fricative:
This sound is the most commonly cited realization of the Semitic letter hēth, which occurs in all dialects of Arabic, Classical Syriac, as well as Biblical and Tiberian Hebrew but only a minority of speakers of modern Hebrew. It has also been reconstructed as appearing in Ancient Egyptian, a related Afro-Asiatic language. Modern non-Oriental Hebrew has merged the voiceless pharyngeal fricative with the voiceless velar (or uvular) fricative. However, phonetic studies have shown that the so-called voiceless pharyngeal fricatives of Semitic languages are often neither pharyngeal (but rather epiglottal) nor fricatives (but rather approximants).[1]
Ѐ, Yus, Russia, Greek alphabet, Microsoft
Manner of articulation, Labial consonant, Palatal consonant, Epiglottal consonant, Phonation
Ḫāʾ, Hebrew alphabet, H, Syriac alphabet, Unicode
Voiceless alveolar sibilant, Voiceless velar stop, Hebrew language, Voiceless bilabial stop, Voiced bilabial stop
Place of articulation, Manner of articulation, ɾ̼, International Phonetic Alphabet, Sibilant consonant
Moroccan Arabic, Egyptian Arabic, Levantine Arabic, Tunisian Arabic, Maghrebi Arabic
Hebrew language, Niqqud, Pharyngealization, Voiceless alveolar stop, Voiceless velar stop